[Foreign capital and structural change in the Brazilian private health services market].

This article analyzes the process of structural transformation within the Brazilian private health services market since the 2000s, with emphasis on the growing participation of financial funds and foreign capital in the process of expansion and consolidation of the sector. The analysis of the movement of foreign capital into health services and plans in Brazil was developed from the construction of a database with a total of 297 equity operations involving companies with activities in health services, including companies operating health plans and insurance and companies administering health benefits. The analysis of these operations shows that the influx of foreign capital was fundamental to enable the centralization of capital in certain companies and catalyze the process of concentration and structural transformation of the health services sector over the last two decades.

The burden of physical inactivity for the public health care system in Brazil.

Objective: To update the estimated cost of physical inactivity for the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS).

Methods: The hospitalization costs were accessed via a database of the Ministry of Health - Informatics Department of the Brazilian SUS. Physical inactivity for the year 2017 was accessed via the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel - Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey).

Diverse Cell Death Mechanisms Are Simultaneously Activated in Macrophages Infected by Virulent .

Macrophages are necessary to eliminate pathogens. However, some pathogens have developed mechanisms to avoid the immune response. One of them is modulating the cell death mechanism to favor pathogen survival.

[Interchangeability of biological products in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS): the main regulatory challenges].

Biological products have sparked a worldwide therapeutic revolution. However, the high cost of these products threatens health systems' sustainability. The development of copies is considered an economic alternative, but due to the products' complexity, many concepts used in generic drugs do not apply.

Scientific and technological capabilities in health-related areas: opportunities, challenges, and interactions with the industrial sector.

Characterization of the scientific and technological infrastructure in health and its interactions with the industrial sector provides key elements for understanding the dynamics of innovation in health. This study conducts an exploratory analysis of the potentialities and limitations associated with scientific and technological capabilities in the health area in Brazil and the different links between the scientific and industrial sectors in health. The analysis points to important growth in internationally indexed research output, especially in certain areas such as pharmaceutics, public health, genetics, morphology, physiology, and microbiology.

[The innovative dynamics for the restructuring of the health services].

Challenges posed by demographic and epidemiological changes and by the need to reduce costs have required the restructuring of the health services. Health innovations play a major role in this process, as technologies are fundamental both to expand the access and to adapt the system to the population's needs. However, the generation of health innovation is not based solely on sanitary demands and conditioning factors; on the contrary, it often reflects a trajectory of development and the interests of restricted groups in society.

[Health-related scientific and technological capabilities and university-industry research collaboration].

Objective: To examine recent developments in health-related scientific capabilities, the impact of lines of incentives on reducing regional scientific imbalances, and university-industry research collaboration in Brazil.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) databases for the years 2000 to 2010. There were assessed indicators of resource mobilization, research network structuring, and knowledge transfer between science and industry initiatives.

[Innovation in pharmaceutical and health biotechnology industries: challenges for a virtuous agenda].

Pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries comprise a major production subsystem of the health industrial complex in Brazil. It stands out for both its economic importance and its prominent role in developing new technologies in strategic areas. Strengthening the local production of generic drugs in the last decade has significantly increased the number of Brazilian companies in the local pharmaceutical market and has been an important turning point for this industry's growth.

[The innovative dynamic of the mechanics, electronics and materials subsystem].

The mechanics, electronics and materials subsystem, one of the subsystems of the health care productive complex, encompasses different activities, usually clustered in what is called the medical, hospital and dental equipment and materials industry. This is a strategic area for health care, since it represents a continuous source of changes in care practices, and influences the provision of health care services. It has, moreover, potential for promoting the progress of Brazil's system of innovation and for increasing the competitiveness of the industry as a whole, given that it articulates future technologies.

Improving atmospheric correction for highly productive coastal waters using the short wave infrared retrieval algorithm with water-leaving reflectance constraints at 412 nm.

The recently developed short wave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm for ocean color retrieval uses long wavelength channels to retrieve atmospheric parameters to avoid bright pixel contamination. However, this retrieval is highly sensitive to errors in the aerosol model, which is magnified by the higher variability of aerosols observed over urban coastal areas. While adding extra regional aerosol models into the retrieval lookup tables would tend to increase retrieval error since these models are hard to distinguish in the IR, we explore the possibility that for highly productive waters with high colored dissolved organic matter, an estimate of the 412 nm channel water-leaving reflectance can be used to constrain the aerosol model retrieval and improve the water-leaving reflectance retrieval.

Determinants of blood oxygenation during pregnancy in Andean and European residents of high altitude.

High altitude decreases birth weight, but this effect is diminished in long vs. short-resident, high-altitude populations. We asked whether women from long vs.

Greater uterine artery blood flow during pregnancy in multigenerational (Andean) than shorter-term (European) high-altitude residents.

Multigenerational (Andean) compared with shorter-term (European) high-altitude residents exhibit less hypoxia-associated reductions in birth weight. Because differences in arterial O(2) content are not responsible, we asked whether greater pregnancy-associated increases in uterine artery (UA) blood flow and O(2) delivery were involved. Serial studies were conducted in 42 Andean and 26 European residents of La Paz, Bolivia (3600 m) at weeks 20, 30, 36 of pregnancy and 4 mo postpartum using Doppler ultrasound.

Microtensile bond strength of total-etch and self-etch adhesives to the enamel walls of Class V cavities.

Purpose: To determine the difference in microtensile bond strengths (MTBS) of resin-based composite bonded to the enamel of cavity preparations using a conventional or a self-etching adhesive.

Methods: Buccal and lingual Class V cavities were prepared in each of 12 caries-free human molars. Six teeth were randomly selected to be restored with Spectrum TPH resin-based composite and Prime & Bond NT adhesive.