Critical Overview on Pure Chitosan-based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Clinical insights in Dentistry.

Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE) is a field of regenerative medicine continuously improving, thanks to the development of new biomaterials used as grafts or scaffolds for repairing bone defects. In recent years, chitosan, a natural biopolymer extracted mainly from crustacean shells, has demonstrated unique and desirable characteristics for BTE applications, such as: biocompatibility, biodegradability, and osteoconductive behavior. Additionally, the presence of numerous active amine groups in its chemical structure allows it to be easily modified.

Hand-Carried Ultrasonography Instrumentation in the Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction.

Internal derangement (ID) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is defined as a mechanical problem of the joint that interferes with its function. It is attributed to an abnormal interaction among the articular disc, condyle, and joint eminence. The aim of this study is to evaluate diagnostic efficacy of non-invasive hand-carried ultrasonography instrumentation (US) to provide high-level images for a correct diagnosis of ID.

The Importance of Using Physical Tridimensional Models for the Management and Planning of Extended Osseous Odontogenic Lesions.

(1) Surgical intervention becomes crucial in situations in which lack of action would cause a decrease in quality of life for the patient. As healthcare professionals, our next objective is to reduce patient fear perception. This work's aim is to illustrate how physical tridimensional models can serve not only as confidence boosters for the patient, but also as a valid tool to aid both the clinician and the fostering of a patient-doctor relationship.

Evaluation of IL6, IL10 and VDR alleles distribution in an Italian large sample of subjects affected by chronic periodontal disease.

In recent decades, the role played by the immune response to bacteria in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontal disease (PD) has long been studied. Although from the clinical point of view, adequate oral hygiene is essential to ensure a satisfactory response of the host to infections, modulation of the reaction of immune system could be influenced by genetic factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of alleles of polymorphisms relevant for chronic periodontitis in a sample of adult subjects affected by chronic PD.

A hydrosilver gel for plaque control in adults affected by chronic periodontitis: Effects on the 'red complex' bacterial load. A prospective longitudinal pilot study using polymerase chain reaction analysis.

In subjects affected by chronic periodontitis, the chemical control of plaque is a strategy aiming primarily at controlling infection and bacterial loading. The aim is to evaluate the bacterial loading of the so-called 'red complex' associated with a short-term use of a hydrosilver gel (HSG) by using an model in adult subjects affected by chronic periodontitis. This prospective short-term clinical trial involved 10 adult volunteers using a 15-day model.

Poor oral habits and malocclusions after usage of orthodontic pacifiers: an observational study on 3-5 years old children.

Background: Pacifier sucking habit has been associated in the literature with alterations of dental occlusion, and it could be a predisposing factor for other poor oral habits among children. Orthodontic pacifiers have been introduced in the market aiming to reduce these disadvantages caused by the conventional type of pacifiers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of poor oral habits and malocclusions, after usage of orthodontic pacifiers in children with primary dentition.

Silver-Based Chemical Device as an Adjunct of Domestic Oral Hygiene: A Study on Periodontal Patients.

The use of chemical devices for periodontitis treatment has led to new strategies aiming primarily to control infections. Over the last few years, new chemical devices have been subjected to many scientific and medical studies. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of a new silver based chemical devices gel named "Hydrosilver Plus Gel", abbreviated here as Hydrosilver, on the pathogenic microorganisms, using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for microbiological analysis.

Short Versus Longer Implants in Mandibular Alveolar Ridge Augmented Using Osteogenic Distraction: One-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Split-Mouth Trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 6-mm-long implants compared with normal-length implants placed in a vertical augmented atrophic posterior mandible, supporting cemented single crowns. Thirty-six patients with bilateral posterior edentulous mandible and presenting a bone availability height less than 9 mm from the mandibular canal were enrolled in this study. Patient hemiarches were randomized to receive both 6-mm-long and normal-length implants (10 mm).

Smoking and the risk of peri-implantitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the role of smoking as a risk factor for peri-implantitis.

Material And Methods: Six electronic databases and a manual search resulted in 5876 unique publications. After selection, only seven studies were included in the systematic review.

Relationship between periodontitis and pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis.

Background: Studies have suggested controversial results regarding a possible association between pre-eclampsia (PE) and periodontal disease (PD) and no meta-analysis has been performed to clarify this issue.

Methods: A literature search of electronic databases was performed for articles published through March 24, 2013, followed by a manual search of several dental and medical journals. The meta-analysis was conducted according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA.

Glycation and oxidative stress in the failure of dental implants: a case series.

Background: The aim of this case series/control study is to investigate the presence of the Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and oxidative stress in periimplantitis.

Findings: The Western Blotting analysis on periimplantitis and periodontal disease tissues showed marked increase of AGEs when compared to healthy control tissues. Also TBARS assay of whole saliva confirmed the expectations, showing higher oxidative stress levels in periimplantitis and periodontitis groups than in healthy group.

Adjunctive photodynamic therapy to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) adjunctive to scaling root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA statement and Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. Two independent reviewers performed an extensive literature search and manual search on seven databases.

Nd:YAG laser as an adjunctive treatment to nonsurgical periodontal therapy: a meta-analysis.

A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate whether the use of Nd:YAG laser adjunctive to scaling root planing (SRP) could provide additional benefits compared to SRP alone in patients with chronic periodontitis. The meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) statement and the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. A literature search was performed on seven databases, followed by a manual search.

Effectiveness of periodontal treatment to improve metabolic control in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: It was recently suggested that scaling and root planing (SRP) may help to improve glycemic and metabolic control in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2); however, the effectiveness of SRP in this role remains unclear. This meta-analysis assesses the effectiveness of SRP in improving glycemic and metabolic control in patients with CP and DM2.

Methods: A literature search of electronic databases was performed for articles published through May 16, 2012, followed by a manual search of several dental journals.

Effectiveness of diode laser as adjunctive therapy to scaling root planning in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis.

To investigate whether the adjunctive use of diode laser provides additional benefits to scaling root planning alone in patients with chronic periodontitis, a meta-analysis was conducted according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement and the Cochrane Collaboration. A literature search was performed on seven databases, followed by a manual search. Weighted mean differences and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated for the clinical attachment level, probing depth, and changes in the plaque and gingival indices.