Incidence of Post-Operative Pain following a Single-Visit Pulpectomy in Primary Molars Employing Adaptive, Rotary, and Manual Instrumentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

To differentiate the intensity of postoperative pain after primary molar pulpectomy employing manual instrumentation versus two single-file systems with different kinetics (the XP-Endo shaper file with adaptive instrumentation vs. the Kedo-SG blue file with continuous rotation instrumentation). .

Mechanical Performance and Metallurgical Characteristics of 5 Different Single-file Reciprocating Instruments: A Comparative In Vitro and Laboratory Study.

Introduction: Because there are no data regarding an instrument recently introduced on the market (OneRECI; Coltene MicroMega, Besançon, France), the aim of this study was to assess its mechanical and metallurgical properties comparing them with the following widespread reciprocating instruments: Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany), Reciproc Blue (VDW), EdgeOne Fire (EdgeEndo, Albuquerque, NM), and WaveOne Gold (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland).

Methods: A total of 65 nickel-titanium files from 5 different reciprocating systems (OneRECI, Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, EdgeOne Fire, and WaveOne Gold) were evaluated throughout a combined mechanical and metallurgical method. Mechanical performances of the selected file were examined by subjecting each specimen to cyclic fatigue and torsional and bending resistance tests, whereas their metallurgical properties were assessed by analyzing the nickel-titanium alloy composition and the phase transformation temperatures through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively.

Metallurgical Tests in Endodontics: A Narrative Review.

Since there are no reviews of the literature on this theme, the aim of this narrative review is to summarize the metallurgical tests used in endodontics, pointing out their functional use and their pros and cons and giving readers a user-friendly guide to serve as an orientation aid in the plethora of metallurgical tests. With this purpose, a literature search for articles published between January 2001 and December 2021 was conducted, using the electronic database PubMed to collect all published articles regarding the metallurgical tests used in endodontics for the evaluation of NiTi rotary instruments. The search was conducted using the following keywords: "metallurgy", "differential scanning calorimetry" (DSC), "X-ray diffraction" (XRD), "atomic force microscopy" (AFM), "energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy" (EDS), "focused ion beam analysis" (FIB) and "Auger electron spectroscopy" (AES) combined with the term "endodontics" or "NiTi rotary instruments".

Role of the Crystallographic Phase of NiTi Rotary Instruments in Determining Their Torsional Resistance during Different Bending Conditions.

The aim of this study was to assess the role of the crystallographic phase of Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments in determining their torsional resistance during different bending conditions, such as different degrees and angles of curvature. 200 F-One 20.04 instruments (Fanta Dental, Shanghai, China) were used, 100 austenitic instruments and 100 martensitic instruments.

Angle of Insertion and Torsional Resistance of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments.

Previously published studies have investigated the influence of instrument access on cyclic fatigue resistance. However, no studies have evaluated the relationship between angulated access and torsional resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the angle of access on the torsional resistance of endodontic instruments.

Incidence of Different Types of Intracanal Fracture of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments: A Systematic Review.

Aim: The aim of this systemic review is to investigate these parameters by analyzing the characteristics of fractured instruments to determine which is the most relevant mechanical stress that induces intracanal separation .

Background: The fracture of nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments is a result of flexural fatigue and torsional fatigue. An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE database, Web of Science, and Cochrane following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines.

Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments: An Comparison (Torsional Resistance of Two Heat-treated Reciprocating Files).

Aim And Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the difference in torsional resistance of two reciprocating nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary files: WaveOne Gold and EdgeOne Fire.

Materials And Methods: A total of 40 nickel-titanium rotary instruments ( = 40): 20 WaveOne Gold Small (WOGS) and 20 EdgeOne Fire Small (EOFS) were divided into two groups. Each instrument was tested using a torsional resistance device already validated in previous studies to evaluate and compare torsional resistance.

Operative Torque Analysis to Evaluate Cutting Efficiency of Two Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments for Glide Path: An Comparison.

Aim And Objective: The aim and objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the cutting efficacy of two different nickel titanium rotary instruments by a novel methodology: the operative torque (torque and time needed to progress toward the apex).

Materials And Methods: Ten fresh extracted upper first premolars with two canals were instrumented with a KaVo (Biberach, Germany) and a KaVo 1:1 handpiece at 300 rpm with maximum torque set at 2 N. One canal was instrumented with ProGlider NiTi rotary instruments (Dentsply Sirona Endodontics, Ballaigues, Switzerland), with tip size of 16.

A Paradigm Shift for Torsional Stiffness of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments: A Finite Element Analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of mass and the polar moment of inertia on the torsional behavior of nickel-titanium rotary instruments to understand which parameter of cross-sectional design had a key role in terms of torsional resistance.

Methods: Four different instrument models were designed and meshed using computer-aided engineering software (SolidWorks; Dassault Systems, Waltham, MA). Instrument models shared the same characteristics, except for cross-sectional design; triangle, rectangle, square, and hollow square geometry was selected.

Nonsurgical Retreatment Using Regenerative Endodontic Protocols: A Case Report.

Aim And Objective: The aim of this case report was to describe regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) of the previously treated mature teeth with long-term results.

Background: Regenerative endodontic procedures are aimed to treat apical periodontitis and regenerate the pulp-dentin complex in necrotic teeth. However, there is no consensus in using REPs in the previously treated mature teeth.

Harnessing the Power of Biologic Agents on the Oral Microbiota: A Way to Promote Oral and Systemic Health?

During the long history of their evolution, higher organisms, including mammals, have learnt to take great advantage from living in close contact with selected populations of microbes. By living in close contact, animals and microbes underwent a progressive and mutual co-evolutive process that is believed to be a major driving force in the development of adaptive immunity of vertebrates..

Influence of shaft length on torsional behavior of endodontic nickel-titanium instruments.

Torsional stresses are one of the most frequent causes of intracanal separation of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments, which represents a great concern of endodontists. For this reason, torsional resistance of rotary instruments has been deeply investigated by determining all parameters that can influenced it, that can be summarized in: (1) Tooth-related factors, (2) Strategy-related factors and (3) Instrument-related factors. This study was conducted to examine the influence of shaft length on torsional resistance of a nickel-titanium rotary instrument and if it should be considered as an Instrument-related factor.

Effect of Flexural Stress on Torsional Resistance of NiTi Instruments.

Introduction: Previously published studies have deeply investigated the characteristics of flexural and torsional resistance of nickel-titanium rotary instruments, but none of them investigated the relationship between the 2 stresses. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of flexural stresses over torsional resistance.

Methods: Sixty S-One 20.

Fine Aerosols and Perceived Risk of COVID-19 among Italian Dental Practitioners: An Experimental Survey.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to take a survey on Italian practitioners concerning the perceived risks of aerosol contamination in COVID-19 times and their attitude toward modifications of treatment protocols to reduce this risk.

Materials And Methods: Power analysis calculated a minimum sample size of 150 participants at 99% confidence level with a 5% margin of error. To homogenize responses elicited by different preventive measures by various national governments, only Italian dentists were included in the survey: overall 500 responses were collected.

Fatigue Resistance of Two Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments before and after Root Canal Treatment.

Aim: The aim of the present study is twofold: to evaluate cyclic fatigue resistance differences of two different nickel-titanium rotary instruments, brand new and after an instrumentation of single root extracted teeth.

Materials And Methods: Twenty new S One 20.06 were randomly divided into two groups.

Centering Ability of a New Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments with a Peculiar Flat-side Design: An Study.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the flat design compared with a non-flat designed instrument on the centering ability in a simulated root canal system.

Materials And Methods: Two file systems were chosen: the F-One (Fanta Dental, Shanghai, China) and a prototype with the same design but without the flat-side design. A total of 50 simulated L-shaped root canals in resin blocks were shaped with a new instrument each.

Possible Complications of Endodontic Treatments.

Endodontic treatments tend to have very high successful rates in spite of the fact that they are quite an invasive, difficult procedure, especially in complex anatomies. Some complications can arise during or after a root canal procedure due to poor understanding of the anatomy and iatrogenic errors mainly during instrumentation. While some of these problems can be anticipated, many can never really be predicted.

Precision of Dynamic Navigation to Perform Endodontic Ultraconservative Access Cavities: A Preliminary In Vitro Analysis.

Introduction: Ultraconservative access cavities (UCACs) have been proposed to reduce crown weakening, but there is no consensus about their design and size and about their advantages and disadvantages, which are also related to how differently they are performed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible use of a novel Dynamic Navigation System (DNS) in planning and executing UCACs and its precision in vitro, compared with a manual approach (MA) without any guide.

Methods: Twenty radiopaque, artificial teeth replicas were randomly divided into 2 identical groups and scanned using cone-beam computed tomography.

Potential of Operative Torque in Evaluating NiTi Instruments.

The role of nickel-titanium (NiTi) in the production of endodontic instruments increased in the last few decades; therefore, the way of evaluation of its performance increased as well. Nowadays, there are several ways to evaluate NiTi instruments, divided into static and dynamic tests. The static ones are cyclic fatigue tests, torsional resistance tests, flexibility, and cutting efficiency tests.

Future Trends in Endodontics: From the Virtual Assessment of the Anatomy to the Computer-driven Approach.

Root canal treatment is one of the most challenging practices in dentistry as the complexity and the variability of the endodontic space can often lead the operator to create false trajectories or missing canals. The technical advances in the development of even more efficient and resistant endodontic instrument reached important results in the last few years with the adoption of NiTi alloys and thermal treatments, which could increase the flexibility and the resistance of the instruments..

In Vivo Evaluation of Operative Torque Generated by Two Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments during Root Canal Preparation.

Objectives:  This study evaluated the operative torque and preparation time of ProTaper NEXT (Dentsply Maillefer; Ballaigues, Switzerland) and EdgeFile X7 (EdgeEndo; Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States) rotary systems during root canal preparation of maxillary premolars.

Materials And Methods:  Ten double-rooted maxillary premolars with independent canals were selected. Each canal in each tooth was prepared with one of the rotary systems ( = 10), ProTaper NEXT or EdgeFile X7.

Differences in cyclic fatigue lifespan between two different heat treated NiTi endodontic rotary instruments: WaveOne Gold vs EdgeOne Fire.

Background: Aim of this study is to investigate the cyclic fatigue resistance of the Gold treated WaveOne Gold and the Firewire treated EdgeOne Fire instruments. The null hypotesis was that there were no differences between the lifespan of Gold treated and FireWire treated instruments when subjected to cyclic fatigue tests.

Material And Methods: 40 new NiTi instruments with a length of 25 mm were tested: 20 Wave One Gold Medium (WOG), tip size 35 and variable taper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and 20 Edge One Fire (EOF) (EdgeEndo, Albuquerque, New Mexico) tip size 35 and the same variable taper.

Endodontic Microsurgery Using Dynamic Navigation System: A Case Report.

Dynamic navigation systems were introduced to facilitate dental implantology by improving the accuracy of dental implant positioning. Dynamic navigation integrates surgical instrumentation and radiologic images by using an optical positioning device controlled by a dedicated computerized interface. These features could help in reducing the risk of unintentional iatrogenic damage to nearby anatomic structures and perform minimally invasive or flapless surgery, leading to reduced patient postoperative discomfort and improved healing.

Role of the Flat-Designed Surface in Improving the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Endodontic NiTi Rotary Instruments.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the flat-designed surface in improving the resistance to cyclic fatigue by comparing heat-treated F-One (Fanta Dental, Shanghai, China) nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments and similar prototypes, differing only by the absence of the flat side. The null hypothesis was that there were no differences between the two tested instruments in terms of cyclic fatigue lifespan. A total of 40 new NiTi instruments (20 F-One and 20 prototypes) were tested in the present study.

A comparative study of mechanical resistance of two reciprocating files.

Background: To evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of two different Nickel-Titanium instruments, Reziflow (Komet, Brasseler GmbH & Co., Lemgo, Germany) and WaveOne Gold (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland).

Material And Methods: Two groups of 20 different NiTi endodontic instruments of identical tip size of 0.