Fine particulate matter and intima media thickness: Role of endothelial function biomarkers.

Background: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis disease. We aimed to assess whether nitric oxide stable metabolites (NOx) and l-arginine mediate the association between PM and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) increase.

Methods: We selected 251 participants from the control group of GEA (Genetics of Atheroslerosis Disease Mexican) study (2008-2013) in Mexico City.

Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and carotid intima media thickness at bilateral, left and right in adults from Mexico City: Results from GEA study.

Background: PM exposure has been associated with intima-media thickness (cIMT) increase. However, very few studies distinguished between left and right cIMT in relation to PM exposure.

Aim: To evaluate associations between chronic exposure to PM and cIMT at bilateral, left, and right in adults from Mexico City.

Long-Term Exposure to Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter and Risk of Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Results from Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease Mexican Study.

(1) Background: Epidemiological studies have identified associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone exposure with cardiovascular disease; however, studies linking ambient air pollution and premature coronary artery disease (pCAD) in Latin America are non-existing. (2) Methods: Our study was a case−control analysis nested in the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Mexican study.

Effects of fluoride exposure on mitochondrial function: Energy metabolism, dynamics, biogenesis and mitophagy.

Fluoride is ubiquitous in the environment. Furthermore, drinking water represents the main source of exposure to fluoride for humans. Interestingly, low fluoride concentrations have beneficial effects on bone and teeth development; however, chronic fluoride exposure has harmful effects on human health.

The rs12617336 and rs17574 Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Polymorphisms Are Associated With Hypoalphalipoproteinemia and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Serum Levels: A Case-Control Study of the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Cohort.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) can influence lipid homeostasis and atherosclerosis progression. We aimed to assess the association of gene polymorphisms with hypoalphalipoproteinemia and DPP4 serum levels, in a cohort of Mexican individuals. Five polymorphisms (rs12617336, rs12617656, rs1558957, and rs3788979, and rs17574) were genotyped in 748 participants with and 745 without hypoalphalipoproteinemia.

Metal exposure and bone remodeling during pregnancy: Results from the PROGRESS cohort study.

Pregnancy is characterized by high bone remodeling and might be a window of susceptibility to the toxic effects of metals on bone tissue. The aim of this study was to assess associations between metals in blood [lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd)and arsenic (As)] and bone remodeling during pregnancy. We studied pregnant woman from the PROGRESS Cohort (Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, and Environment and Social Stress).

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and calcifications of the coronary and aortic arteries in adults with prediabetes: Results from the diabetes prevention program outcomes study.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine disrupting chemicals that have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors including elevated body weight and hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, PFAS may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, no previous study has evaluated associations between PFAS exposure and arterial calcification.

Age and mitochondrial DNA copy number influence the association between outdoor temperature and cognitive function: Insights from the VA Normative Aging Study.

Background: General cognitive function deteriorates with aging, a change that has been linked to outdoor temperature. Older individuals have reduced ability to adapt to changes in outdoor temperature than younger people. However, to what extent short-term changes in outdoor temperature interact with mitochondria to affect cognition in older people has not yet been determined.

Polymorphisms Are Associated with the Presence of Premature Coronary Artery Disease and with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease Mexican Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the polymorphisms with the presence of premature coronary artery disease (pCAD) and with cardiovascular risk factors. The study included 2163 individuals (1133 patients with pCAD and 1030 healthy controls). Seven polymorphisms (rs1363670, rs3212220, rs3212227, rs6887695, rs1433048, rs2853694, and rs1368439) were determined by TaqMan assays.

Dietary characteristics associated with plasma concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances among adults with pre-diabetes: Cross-sectional results from the Diabetes Prevention Program Trial.

Diet is assumed to be the main source of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in non-occupationally exposed populations, but studies on the diet-PFAS relationship in the United States are scarce. We extracted multiple dietary variables, including daily intakes of food group, diet scores, and dietary patterns, from self-reported dietary data collected at baseline (1996-1999) from adults with pre-diabetes enrolled in the Diabetes Prevention Program, and used linear regression models to evaluate relationships of each dietary variable with plasma concentrations of six PFAS (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (EtFOSAA), 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (MeFOSAA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) adjusting for covariates. Participants (N = 941, 65% female, 58% Caucasian, 68% married, 75% with higher education, 95% nonsmoker) had similar PFAS concentrations compared to the general U.

Prenatal manganese and cord blood mitochondrial DNA copy number: Effect modification by maternal anemic status.

Introduction: Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient but also a toxicant at high exposures, when it can induce oxidative stress (OS). Mn uptake is inversely correlated with iron status, therefore anemic individuals may be more susceptible to Mn overload induced-OS, which can manifest as changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN). Our objectives were to: 1) determine stage-specific associations of prenatal Mn exposure with cord blood MtDNA CN; and 2) investigate effect modification by maternal anemia, ferritin, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV).

Altered cord blood mitochondrial DNA content and pregnancy lead exposure in the PROGRESS cohort.

Introduction: Lead (Pb) crosses the placenta and can cause oxidative stress, reduced fetal growth and neurological problems. The principal source of oxidative stress in human cells is mitochondria. Therefore, disruption of normal mitochondrial function during pregnancy may represent a primary mechanism behind the adverse effects of lead.

Prenatal particulate matter exposure and mitochondrial dysfunction at the maternal-fetal interface: Effect modification by maternal lifetime trauma and child sex.

Background: Prenatal ambient fine particulate matter (PM) and maternal chronic psychosocial stress have independently been linked to changes in mithochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), a marker of mitochondrial response and dysfunction. Further, overlapping research shows sex-specific effects of PM and stress on developmental outcomes. Interactions among PM, maternal stress, and child sex have not been examined in this context.

Associations of Annual Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Mass and Components with Mitochondrial DNA Abundance.

Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) represents a mixture of components with potentially different toxicities. However, little is known about the relative effects of PM2.

Histone 3 modifications and blood pressure in the Beijing Truck Driver Air Pollution Study.

Context: Histone modifications regulate gene expression; dysregulation has been linked with cardiovascular diseases. Associations between histone modification levels and blood pressure in humans are unclear.

Objective: We examine the relationship between global histone concentrations and various markers of blood pressure.

Impacts of the Mitochondrial Genome on the Relationship of Long-Term Ambient Fine Particle Exposure with Blood DNA Methylation Age.

The mitochondrial genome has long been implicated in age-related disease, but no studies have examined its role in the relationship of long-term fine particle (PM) exposure and DNA methylation age (DNAm-age)-a novel measure of biological age. In this analysis based on 940 observations between 2000 and 2011 from 552 Normative Aging Study participants, we determined the roles of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup variation and mitochondrial genome abundance in the relationship of PM with DNAm-age. We used the GEOS-chem transport model to estimate address-specific, one-year PM levels for each participant.

Maternal Lifetime Stress and Prenatal Psychological Functioning and Decreased Placental Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in the PRISM Study.

Psychosocial stress contributes to placental oxidative stress. Mitochondria are vulnerable to oxidative stress, which can lead to changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). We examined associations of maternal lifetime stress, current negative life events, and depressive and posttraumatic-stress-disorder symptom scores with placental mtDNAcn in a racially/ethnically diverse sample (n = 147) from the Programming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) study (Massachusetts, March 2011 to August 2012).

Associations between post translational histone modifications, myelomeningocele risk, environmental arsenic exposure, and folate deficiency among participants in a case control study in Bangladesh.

Arsenic exposure may contribute to disease risk in humans through alterations in the epigenome. Previous studies reported that arsenic exposure is associated with changes in plasma histone concentrations. Posttranslational histone modifications have been found to differ between the brain tissue of human embryos with neural tube defects and that of controls.

Short-term effects of air temperature and mitochondrial DNA lesions within an older population.

Background: Previous studies have linked both extreme and sub-optimal air temperature to cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality, especially in older individuals. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be determined.

Objectives: We hypothesized that short-term increases in air temperature may induce blood mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lesions in older individuals, which could contribute to temperature-related pathogenesis.

B vitamins attenuate the epigenetic effects of ambient fine particles in a pilot human intervention trial.

Acute exposure to fine particle (PM) induces DNA methylation changes implicated in inflammation and oxidative stress. We conducted a crossover trial to determine whether B-vitamin supplementation averts such changes. Ten healthy adults blindly received a 2-h, controlled-exposure experiment to sham under placebo, PM (250 μg/m) under placebo, and PM (250 μg/m) under B-vitamin supplementation (2.

Increased methylation of repetitive elements and DNA repair genes is associated with higher DNA oxidation in children in an urbanized, industrial environment.

DNA methylation in DNA repair genes participates in the DNA damage regulation. Particulate matter (PM), which has metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed, among others has been linked to adverse health outcomes and may modify DNA methylation. To evaluate PM exposure impact on repetitive elements and gene-specific DNA methylation and DNA damage, we conducted a cross-sectional study in 150 schoolchildren (7-10 years old) from an urbanized, industrial area of the metropolitan area of Mexico City (MAMC), which frequently exhibits PM concentrations above safety standards.