Disulfiram-Loaded Nanoparticles Inhibit Long-Term Proliferation on Preadipocytes.

Introduction: Disulfiram (DSF) reduces insulin resistance and weight gain in obese mice. However, the effect on adipose tissue is unexplored due to their high instability under physiological conditions, limiting clinical applications. Thus, it is meaningful to develop a DSF carrier for sustained release to adipose tissue.

Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery System of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane with Potential Antiobesogenic Activity.

Obesity is a global disease characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in the adipose tissue. There is an urgent need to explore alternative compounds to treat obesity. Low-molecular-weight compounds from plants, like 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), are emerging as potential alternatives for obesity treatment.

Bioprospection of rattlesnake venom peptide fractions with anti-adipose and anti-insulin resistance activity .

Animal venoms are natural products that have served as a source of novel molecules that have inspired novel drugs for several diseases, including for metabolic diseases such as type-2 diabetes and obesity. From venoms, toxins such as exendin-4 () and crotamine () have demonstrated their potential as treatments for obesity. Moreover, other toxins such as Phospholipases A and Disintegrins have shown their potential to modulate insulin secretion in vitro.

Insights into the mechanism of crotamine and potential targets involved in obesity-related metabolic pathways.

Crotamine (Ctm) is a peptide isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. This molecule has been demonstrated to diminish body weight gain and enhance browning in adipose tissue, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity; hence, it has been postulated as an anti-obesogenic peptide. However, the mechanism to elicit the anti-obesogenic effects has yet to be elucidated.

Laccase-luminol chemiluminescence system: an investigation of substrate inhibition.

Chemiluminescence (CL) reactions are widely used for the detection and quantification of many types of analytes. Laccase has previously been proposed in CL reactions; however, its light emission behaviour has not been characterized. This study was conducted to characterize the laccase-luminol system, determine its kinetic parameters, and analyze the effects of protein and OH- concentration on the CL signal.

Recent Developments in Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Screening of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose Of Review: Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic illness characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that occurs when there is cellular resistance to insulin action, pancreatic β-cells do not produce sufficient insulin, or both. Diabetes prevalence has greatly increased in recent decades; consequently, it is considered one of the fastest-growing public health emergencies globally. Poor blood glucose control can result in long-term micro- and macrovascular complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease.

Evaluation of the Immune Response of a Candidate Phage-Based Vaccine against (Cattle Tick).

Cattle tick () represents a severe problem causing substantial economic losses, estimated in billions of dollars annually. Currently, chemical acaricides represent the most widely used control method. However, several problems such as resistance have been described.

Current Challenges and Future Trends of Enzymatic Paper-Based Point-of-Care Testing for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.

A point-of-care (POC) can be defined as an in vitro diagnostic test that can provide results within minutes. It has gained enormous attention as a promising tool for biomarkers detection and diagnosis, as well as for screening of chronic noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is one of the metabolic disorders that has grown exponentially in recent years, becoming one of the greatest challenges to health systems.

Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges.

Early detection is a key factor in patient fate. Currently, multiple biomolecules have been recognized as biomarkers. Nevertheless, their identification is only the starting line on the way to their implementation in disease diagnosis.

Purification of Modified Therapeutic Proteins Available on the Market: An Analysis of Chromatography-Based Strategies.

Proteins, which have inherent biorecognition properties, have long been used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of clinical indications. Protein modification through covalent attachment to different moieties improves the therapeutic's pharmacokinetic properties, affinity, stability, confers protection against proteolytic degradation, and increases circulation half-life. Nowadays, several modified therapeutic proteins, including PEGylated, Fc-fused, lipidated, albumin-fused, and glycosylated proteins have obtained regulatory approval for commercialization.

Microcarrier-based stem cell bioprocessing: GMP-grade culture challenges and future trends for regenerative medicine.

Recently, stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as an alternative for the treatment of many diseases. Stem cells (SCs) are well known for their capacity to preserve themselves, proliferate, and differentiate into multiple lineages. These characteristics allow stem cells to be a viable option for the treatment of diverse diseases.

Aqueous Two-Phase Systems for Cleanup and Recovery of Enzymes from Plants and Plant-Derived Extracts.

The increasing interest of the biopharmaceutical industry to exploit plants as a commercially viable production system is demanding the development of new strategies to maximize product recovery. Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) are a primary recovery technique that has shown great potential for the efficient extraction and purification of biological products, from organelles to proteins and low-molecular-weight compounds. The evaluation of different system parameters upon the partitioning behavior can provide the conditions that favor the concentration of contaminants and the desired target protein in opposite phases.

Bacteriophage-Based Vaccines: A Potent Approach for Antigen Delivery.

Vaccines are considered one of the most important bioproducts in medicine. Since the development of the smallpox vaccine in 1796, several types of vaccines for many diseases have been created. However, some vaccines have shown limitations as high cost and low immune responses.

Structure and functional properties of Capto™ Core 700 core-shell particles.

Capto™ Core 700 is a core-shell chromatographic support with an adsorbing core contained within an inert shell layer designed to purify larger biomolecules and bioparticles in a flow-through mode. The present study aims to characterize the structure and functional properties of this resin using bovine serum albumin (BSA, Mr~65 kDa) and thyroglobulin (Tg, Mr~660 kDa) as model impurity proteins. The functionalized adsorbing core and the inert shell have the same fibrous structure typical of agarose-based beads.

Laccases in Food Industry: Bioprocessing, Potential Industrial and Biotechnological Applications.

Laccase is a multi-copper oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of one electron of a wide range of phenolic compounds. The enzyme is considered eco-friendly because it requires molecular oxygen as co-substrate for the catalysis and it yields water as the sole by-product. Laccase is commonly produced by fungi but also by some bacteria, insects and plants.

Economic evaluation of the development of a phage therapy product for the control of Salmonella in poultry.

Poultry products are one of the major transmission media of Salmonella enteritidis to humans. A promising alternative to reduce the load of Salmonella in poultry are bacteriophages. Elsewhere, a mixture of six bacteriophages has been used successfully, but large-scale production would be necessary to supply potential poultry market and costs analyses have not been calculated yet.

Manufactured Neutrophils for Treatment of Neutropenia-A Process Economic Evaluation.

Neutropenia is a common side-effect of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy characterized by a critical drop in neutrophil blood concentration. Neutropenic patients are prone to infections, experience poorer clinical outcomes, and require expensive medical care. Although transfusions of donor neutrophils are a logical solution to neutropenia, this approach has not gained clinical traction, primarily due to challenges associated with obtaining sufficiently large numbers of neutrophils from donors whilst logistically managing their extremely short shelf-life.

Thermo-separating polymer-based aqueous two-phase systems for the recovery of PEGylated lysozyme species.

Fractionation of native, mono and di-PEGylated lysozyme was performed in 36 different polymer-polymer aqueous two-phase systems using UCON as a phase-forming component. After a discrete partition analysis, dextran 75 kDa-UCON, volume ratio 3, tie-line length 35% w/w; ficoll 70 kDa-UCON, volume ratio 1, tie-line length 45% w/w and a PEG 8 kDa-UCON volume ratio 3, tie-line length 65% w/w systems were selected for optimization via salt addition and to observe the behavior of the lysozyme species in mixtures. The dextran-UCON and the PEG-UCON systems with 75 mM NaCl showed effectiveness in separating 75% and 87% of mono-PEGylated lysozyme from the rest of the lysozyme species in the top and bottom phases, respectively.

Factorial and Economic Evaluation of an Aqueous Two-Phase Partitioning Pilot Plant for Invertase Recovery From Spent Brewery Yeast.

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) have been reported as an attractive biocompatible extraction system for recovery and purification of biological products. In this work, the implementation, characterization, and optimization (operational and economic) of invertase extraction from spent brewery yeast in a semi-automatized pilot plant using ATPS is reported. Gentian violet was used as tracer for the selection of phase composition through phase entrainment minimization.

Economic evaluation of the primary recovery of tetracycline with traditional and novel aqueous two-phase systems.

Antibiotics are a key pharmaceutical to inhibit growth or kill microorganisms. They represent a profitable market and, in particular, tetracycline has been listed as an essential medicine by the WHO. Therefore it is important to improve their production processes.

Improved recovery of bacteriophage M13 using an ATPS-based bioprocess.

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) have been widely exploited for the recovery and partial purification of biological compounds. Recently our research group characterized the primary recovery and partial purification of bacteriophage M13 using polymer-salt and ionic liquid-salt ATPS. From such study, it was concluded that PEG 400-potassium phosphate ATPS with a volume ratio (V ) of 1 and 25% w/w TLL were the best suitable for the primary recovery of bacteriophage M13 from a crude extract, achieving a recovery yield of 83.

Aqueous Two-Phase Systems at Large Scale: Challenges and Opportunities.

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) have proved to be an efficient and integrative operation to enhance recovery of industrially relevant bioproducts. After ATPS discovery, a variety of works have been published regarding their scaling from 10 to 1000 L. Although ATPS have achieved high recovery and purity yields, there is still a gap between their bench-scale use and potential industrial applications.

Genetic manipulation of microalgae for the production of bioproducts.

Microalgae have been used during the past four decades in the Bio-industries for the production of high added value products and development of useful approaches with environmental applications. The fast growing rate, simple growth requirements and using sunlight as the major source of energy are the key factors for usage of algae. In the past 15 years, a considerable progress has been made regarding the use of microalgae for production of proteins, nutraceuticals, food supplements, molecular tags for diagnostics and fixation of greenhouse gases.

Refolding of laccase from Trametes versicolor using aqueous two phase systems: Effect of different additives.

Protein refolding is a strategy used to obtain active forms of proteins from inclusion bodies. On its part, laccase is an enzyme with potential for different biotechnological applications but there are few reports regarding its refolding which in many cases is considered inefficient due to the poor obtained refolding yields. Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS) have been used for the refolding of proteins getting acceptable recovery percentages since PEG presents capacity to avoid protein aggregation.

Economic analysis of pilot-scale production of B-phycoerythrin.

β-Phycoerythrin is a color protein with several applications, from food coloring to molecular labeling. Depending on the application, different purity is required, affecting production cost and price. Different production and purification strategies for B-phycoerythrin have been developed, the most studied are based on the production using Porphyridium cruentum and purified using chromatographic techniques or aqueous two-phase systems.