A case report of uterine leiomyosarcoma: unusual clinical presentation with unilateral hydronephrosis and importance of an appropriate diagnosis.

Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant gynecologic tumor that arises from the myometrial or endometrial stromal precursor cells. This tumor has the highest prevalence in the pre- and post-is more frequent between 40 and 60 years old. It has a very unfavorable prognosis: only early-stage tumors have an acceptable prognosis; unfortunately, it is often diagnosed accidentally, typically on an advanced stage, when hematological metastases have already spread.

Incidental Detection of Sarcomatoid Lung Cancer by [F] Choline Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography.

A 79-year-old man treated for prostate cancer (PCa) in 2018 with concurrent hormone therapy and radical radiotherapy (RT) was given metastasis-directed RT because of skeletal progression of PCa in 2021. On [F]-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT) for biochemical recurrence (prostate-specific antigen level: 4.96 ng/mL), he showed significant uptake in multiple skeletal lesions and focal uptake in a left lung nodule.

An Incidental Pancreatic Finding at 18F-Choline PET/CT: Chronic Mass-Forming Pancreatitis.

We present a case of a chronic mass-forming pancreatitis (CMFP) detected by 18F-choline (FCH) PET/CT in a male affected by prostate cancer. FCH PET/CT scan showed a focal uptake in the uncinate process of the pancreas, later diagnosed as a CMFP at biopsy. Although the physiological distribution of FCH in the pancreas, a careful interpretation of the images in this area is warranted.

Skeletal Muscle Metastases in HCC Revealed by 18F-Choline PET/CT.

We present a case of a 68-year-old woman undergoing 18F-choline PET/CT due to a history of hepatocellular cancer treated with multimodal therapies and with a rapid increase in α-fetoprotein. 18F-Choline PET/CT showed multiple uptakes in the skeletal muscles compatible with the recurrence of disease. The interpretation of 18F-choline PET/CT in this cancer should be careful and discussed in a multidisciplinary team.

Case Report: Cardiac Involvement by Lymphoma: Rare but Heterogeneous Condition With Challenging Behaviors.

Cardiac lymphomas are rare extranodal lymphomas involving primarily and secondarily the heart and/or pericardium. Here we describe three cases of cardiac involvement from lymphoma with specific peculiarities: two primary cardiac Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas and one secondary involvement from Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL). The first case highlights the issue of early CNS relapse and the possible role for CNS prophylaxis; the second case demonstrates the difficulties of interpretation and possible mistakes of different radiologic techniques adopted to evaluate cardiac involvement by lymphoma during follow-up; the third is a unique case of MZL with cardiac involvement.

An Incidental Uptake of 18F-Choline at PET/CT in Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor.

We present a case of neuroendocrine tumor localized in the gastric mucosa, incidentally detected by 18F-choline PET/CT in a 69-year-old man with prostate cancer. 18F-choline PET/CT scan showed an increased activity in the stomach, later diagnosed as a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, at biopsy. A careful attention of reading 18F-choline PET/CT images should be made, in order to avoid the missing of potential concomitant neoplasia in patients with prostate cancer.

Pleural Mesothelioma Detects by 18F-Choline PET/CT in a Patient With Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer.

A 73-year-old man with a prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy in 2006. For a biochemical recurrence of disease (prostate-specific antigen level, 0.1 ng/mL) during hormonal therapy, patient underwent F-choline PET/CT that showed a significant uptake in a diffuse right pleural thickening.

Interpretation criteria for FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma (IMPeTUs): final results. IMPeTUs (Italian myeloma criteria for PET USe).

Unlabelled: ᅟ: FDG PET/CT (F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) is a useful tool to image multiple myeloma (MM). However, simple and reproducible reporting criteria are still lacking and there is the need for harmonization. Recently, a group of Italian nuclear medicine experts defined new visual descriptive criteria (Italian Myeloma criteria for Pet Use: IMPeTUs) to standardize FDG PET/CT evaluation in MM patients.

Image interpretation criteria for FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma: a new proposal from an Italian expert panel. IMPeTUs (Italian Myeloma criteria for PET USe).

Purpose: FDG PET/CT is able to detect active disease in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and can be helpful for staging and assessing therapy response, but no standard interpretation criteria have been proposed for the evaluation of FDG PET/CT in MM.

Methods: A group of Italian nuclear medicine physicians and haematologists met to propose new visual interpretation criteria to standardize FDG PET/CT evaluation in MM patients (Italian Myeloma criteria for PET USe; IMPeTUs) and the reproducibility of these criteria was tested. This Italian multicentre protocol was set up as a subprotocol of EMN02, an international prospective multicentre trial of the European Myeloma Network.

Predictive value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in restaging patients affected by ovarian carcinoma: a multicentre study.

Purpose: Ovarian cancer is the eighth most common malignancy among women and has a high mortality rate. Prognostic factors able to drive an effective therapy are essential. (18)F-Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) has been investigated in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and showed promise in diagnosing, staging, detecting recurrent lesions and monitoring treatment response.