DNA polymorphisms in inflammatory and endocrine signals linked to frailty are also associated with obesity: data from the FRASNET cohort.

Background: Obesity and frailty are prevalent geriatric conditions that share some pathophysiological mechanisms and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The relationship between frailty, obesity, and polymorphism remains inadequately explored. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) offer insights into genetic predispositions that may influence the development of both frailty and obesity.

Prognostic value of type of prior TKI in pretreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients receiving nivolumab.

To define the prognostic significance of first-line TKI in mRCC patients receiving nivolumab. A total of 571 mRCC patients who received ≥second line nivolumab were included in this subanalysis. The correlation between prior TKI (sunitinib vs.

Sarcopenic obesity and pre-sarcopenia contribute to frailty in community-dwelling Italian older people: data from the FRASNET study.

Background: The ageing process is characterized by a change of body composition with an increase of fat mass and a reduction of muscle mass. Above a certain threshold these alterations configure a condition named sarcopenic obesity (SO). SO is associated with physical frailty in Asian and Brazilian populations.

Long-term responders to nivolumab in previously treated advanced renal cell carcinoma: a sub-analysis of meet-URO15 study.

Background: Although nivolumab prolongs overall survival (OS) in pretreated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), underlining clinical and biological features of long-term responses are still to be determined. This study aims to investigate clinical and pathological characteristics of mRCC patients who achieved long-term responses during nivolumab treatment.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on mRCC patients receiving nivolumab as second or further therapy line between May 2016 and January 2019 in 34 Italian Oncology Centres.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen-PET/CT may result in stage migration in prostate cancer: performances, quantitative analysis, and potential criticism in the clinical practice.

Aim: The early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) metastatic disease with PET imaging leads to stage migration and change of disease management. We aimed to assess the impact on clinical management deriving from prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging with a digital PET/CT during the routine application in the staging and restaging process of PCa.

Material And Methods: Eighty consecutive PCa patients underwent 18F-PSMA-1007.

Neutrophil-to-Eosinophil Ratio Predicts the Efficacy of Avelumab in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Enrolled in the MALVA Study (Meet-URO 25).

Background: Neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER) has been described to be associated with outcomes to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in several tumor types, but less is known about its role of in the response to avelumab in advanced urothelial cancer (aUC). Thus, we reported outcomes by NER of aUC patients treated with avelumab as maintenance after initial response to platinum-based chemotherapy and enrolled in the Maintenance with AVeLumAb ([MALVA] in advanced urothelial neoplasms in response to first-line chemotherapy: an observational retrospective study) study (Meet-URO 25).

Patients And Methods: Median NER at baseline and after 3 cycles of avelumab were calculated.

Combined superficial keratectomy, alcohol delamination and amniotic membrane patch with fibrin glue in Salzmann nodular degeneration.

Purpose: To describe the outcomes of five Salzmann's Nodular Degeneration (SND) cases treated with a combination of alcohol delamination, superficial keratectomy and amniotic membrane patch with fibrin glue.

Methods: Five patients affected by SND with significant discomfort and decreased visual acuity were evaluated with refraction, best corrected visual acuity, Break-up time test, corneal topography, Anterior Segment of Optical Coherence Tomography and images of anterior segment with a full slit lamp examination. All the patients underwent alcohol delamination of the corneal epithelium followed by superficial keratectomy to remove the subepithelial nodules.

Endothelial Migration and Regeneration after Penetrating Trauma Injury in a Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty Graft: Case Presentation and Literature Overview.

: Traumatic injuries in eyes previously treated with Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) can lead to ruptures in the Descemet Membrane (DM) and damage to the corneal endothelium, a crucial layer for maintaining corneal clarity. Due to cell cycle constraints, the human corneal endothelium cannot proliferate; instead, it compensates for injury through cell enlargement and migration from adjacent areas. : This study examines a notable case of corneal endothelial cell migration following a penetrating eye injury in a patient previously treated with DALK for keratoconus, supplemented by a review of relevant literature to contextualize the regenerative response.

Increasing incidence of contact-lens-related keratitis in a tertiary ophthalmology department in an Italian population.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report the increasing incidence of contact-lens related keratitis (AK) in a tertiary ophthalmology department in Umbria, central Italy.

Methods: Observational and retrospective case series were carried out. A total of nine eyes with a diagnosis of AK were examined.

Interface of biomolecular condensates modulates redox reactions.

Biomolecular condensates mediate diverse cellular processes. The density transition process of condensate formation results in selective partitioning of molecules, which define a distinct chemical environment within the condensates. However, the fundamental features of the chemical environment and the mechanisms by which such environment can contribute to condensate functions have not been revealed.

Extensive molecular profiling of squamous cell anal carcinoma in a phase 2 trial population: Translational analyses of the "CARACAS" study.

Background: Molecular characteristics of squamous cell anal carcinoma (SCAC) are poorly explored. Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed limited activity in phase I/II trials, but predictive and prognostic biomarkers are lacking.

Patients And Methods: In the phase II randomised trial CARACAS (NCT03944252), avelumab alone (Arm A) or with cetuximab (Arm B) was tested in pre-treated advanced SCAC , with overall response rate being the primary end-point.

A Prospective Observational Study on the Structuring Process and Implementation of a Large Regional, Inter-hospital, Virtual Multidisciplinary Tumor Board on Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: At present, multidisciplinary tumor boards (MDTB) are considered best practice in oncology. However, web-based virtualization of MDTB may increase participation in meetings, the number of cases discussed, and adherence to guidelines, deliver better treatment, and eventually improve outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: This is an observational study focused on exploring the structuring process and implementing a multi-institutional virtual MDTB in Sicily, Italy.

Activity-Based Sensing for Chemistry-Enabled Biology: Illuminating Principles, Probes, and Prospects for Boronate Reagents for Studying Hydrogen Peroxide.

Activity-based sensing (ABS) offers a general approach that exploits chemical reactivity as a method for selective detection and manipulation of biological analytes. Here, we illustrate the value of this chemical platform to enable new biological discovery through a case study in the design and application of ABS reagents for studying hydrogen peroxide (HO), a major type of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that regulates a diverse array of vital cellular signaling processes to sustain life. Specifically, we summarize advances in the use of activity-based boronate probes for the detection of HO featuring high molecular selectivity over other ROS, with an emphasis on tailoring designs in chemical structure to promote new biological principles of redox signaling.

Evaluation of warm compresses and topical cyclosporine treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction by confocal scanning laser microscopy.

Purpose: The aim of our study is to confirm the utility of warm compresses (WC) and artificial tears (AT) in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) management and to understand if its association with topical cyclosporine A (CsA) improves outcomes.

Methods: Patients with diagnosis of MGD-related dry eye were evaluated. In this prospective, randomized, double-masked study, patients were randomized in two treatments: AT plus WC (group A), and AT plus WC plus CsA 0.

The prognostic value of the previous nephrectomy in pretreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving immunotherapy: a sub-analysis of the Meet-URO 15 study.

Background: Nephrectomy is considered the backbone of managing patients with localized and selected metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The prognostic role of nephrectomy has been widely investigated with cytokines and targeted therapy, but it is still unclear in the immunotherapy era.

Methods: We investigated the Meet-URO-15 study dataset of 571 pretreated mRCC patients receiving nivolumab as second or further lines about the prognostic role of the previous nephrectomy (received in either the localized or metastatic setting) in the overall population and according to the Meet-URO score groups.

Primary small gauge pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil endotamponade for endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: Clinical and OCT findings.

Background: Retrospective analysis of morphological and functional outcomes after pars-plana vitrectomy and Silicone-Oil (SO) endotamponade in acute postoperative endophthalmitis (APOE).

Methods: Minimum follow-up was 6 months. Every included patient received best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) assessment, pre-operatively and at last follow-up.

ToxR is a c-di-GMP binding protein that modulates surface-associated behaviour in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses multiple protein regulators that work in tandem to control the production of a wide range of virulence factors and facilitate rapid adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. In this opportunistic pathogen, ToxR was known to positively regulate the production of the major virulence factor exotoxin A and now, through analysis of genetic changes between two sublines of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and functional complementation of swarming, we have identified a previously unknown role of ToxR in surface-associated motility in P.

Organometallic -arylation Reagents for Rapid PEGylation of Biomolecules.

Bioconjugation techniques for biomolecule-polymer conjugation are numerous; however, slow kinetics and steric challenges generally necessitate excess reagents or long reaction times. Organometallic transformations are known to circumvent these issues; yet, harsh reaction conditions, incompatibility in aqueous media, and substrate promiscuity often limit their use in a biological context. The work reported herein demonstrates a facile and benign organometallic Au(III) -arylation approach that enables the synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (mPEG)-protein conjugates with high efficiency.

New dosimetric parameters to predict ano-rectal toxicity during radiotherapy treatment.

Purpose: Radiotherapy is essential in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Side effects of radiotherapy in the treatment of rectal cancer have a great effect on quality of life. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the correlation between dosimetric parameters and acute toxicity in rectal cancer patients.

A puromycin-dependent activity-based sensing probe for histochemical staining of hydrogen peroxide in cells and animal tissues.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a key member of the reactive oxygen species family of transient small molecules that has broad contributions to oxidative stress and redox signaling. The development of selective and sensitive chemical probes can enable the study of HO biology in cell, tissue and animal models. Peroxymycin-1 is a histochemical activity-based sensing probe that responds to HO via chemoselective boronate oxidation to release puromycin, which is then covalently incorporated into nascent proteins by the ribosome and can be detected by antibody staining.

Development and Multicentre Validation of the Modena Score to Predict Survival in Advanced Biliary Cancers Undergoing Second-Line Chemotherapy.

Background: The role of second-line chemotherapy in advanced biliary cancers (ABCs) has only recently been established in phase III randomized trial and the optimal selection of patients most likely to benefit from it remains challenging.

Methods: A cohort of 98 ABC treated second-line chemotherapy was used as a developmental dataset to identify covariates independently associated with overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to investigate the association between variables and OS and those retaining statistically significance were combined in a multiplexed score.