Digital technologies for pediatric rehabilitation: current access and use in the European Rehatech4child survey.

Background: Digital technologies such as robotics and treadmill-systems (RobTS), virtual-reality and active video-gaming (VR-AVG), and telehealth and apps (T&Apps) used within pediatric motor rehabilitation may promote recovery and improve function. However, digital technology uptake may be limited in clinical practice.

Aim: To explore access to and use of digital technologies for pediatric motor rehabilitation (DT4R) in Europe as a function of individual and environmental factors, as well as potential barriers to their use.

Wheelchair skills training improves power mobility and participation in young people with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To explore the effect of a 4-week structured power wheelchair skills training programme (WSTP) intervention on mobility skills and participation in children and young people (CYP) with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: This was a one-group, repeated-measures study; baseline, intervention, and retention phases, each lasting 4 weeks, were used. Twelve participants (three females, nine males) with a mean age of 15 years 11 months (SD = 3 years 6 months) classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V participated in the study.

Digital technologies for motor rehabilitation in children: protocol for a cross-sectional European survey.

Introduction: Digital technologies can be used as part of paediatric motor rehabilitation to remediate impairment, promote recovery and improve function. However, the uptake of digital technologies in this clinical field may be limited.The aim of this study is to describe and explain digital technology use for paediatric motor rehabilitation.

Effectiveness of wheeled mobility skill interventions in children and young people with cerebral palsy: A systematic review.

Aim: To systematically review the effectiveness of wheeled mobility interventions in children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EBSCO, PEDro, and Web of Science using database-specific concepts such as 'child' and 'wheelchair'. Studies focusing on wheeled mobility skill interventions with participants aged 6 to 21 years with CP were included.

Psychometric properties of upper limb kinematics during functional tasks in children and adolescents with dyskinetic cerebral palsy.

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP) is characterised by involuntary movements, and the movement patterns of children with DCP have not been extensively studied during upper limb tasks. The aim of this study is to evaluate psychometric properties of upper limb kinematics in participants with DCP and typically developing (TD) participants. In current repeatability and validity study, forty individuals with typical development (n = 20) and DCP (n = 20) performed a reach forward/sideways and a reach and grasp task during motion analysis on two occasions.

Teleintervention for users of augmentative and alternative communication devices: A systematic review.

Aim: To synthesize existing evidence on the effectiveness of speech-language teleinterventions delivered via videoconferencing to users of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices.

Method: A systematic literature search was conducted in 10 electronic databases, from inception until August 2021. Included were speech-language teleinterventions delivered by researchers and/or clinicians via videoconferencing to users of AAC devices, without restrictions on chronological age and clinical diagnosis.

Eye movements and stress during eye-tracking gaming performance in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy.

Aim: This study aimed to explore eye movements and stress during eye-tracking gaming performance in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP) compared with typically developing children, and associations between eye-tracking performance, eye movements, stress, and participants' characteristics.

Method: This cohort study included 12 children with dyskinetic CP aged 5 to 12 years (mean age 8 years 7 months, standard deviation [SD] 2 years 3 months) and 23 typically developing children aged 5 to 13 years (mean age 9 years 0 months, SD 2 years 7 months). Participants played 10 eye-tracking games.

Exercise load and physical activity intensity in relation to dystonia and choreoathetosis during powered wheelchair mobility in children and youth with dyskinetic cerebral palsy.

Purpose: To explore the relation between exercise load, physical activity intensity, and movement disorders during powered wheelchair (PW) mobility in people with severe dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP).

Methods: Ten participants with DCP, 6-21 years old, users of a head/foot steering system were included. Dystonia and choreoathetosis were assessed using the Dyskinesia Impairment Mobility Scale (DIMS), heart rate (HR) was used to assess the exercise load of the tasks on the participants, and the accelerometry-based activity index (AI) to measure the physical activity intensity and energy expenditure during mobility task performance.

Clinical Presentation of Spasticity and Passive Range of Motion Deviations in Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Dystonia, Choreoathetosis, and Functional Classification Systems.

: To map the presence, severity, and distribution of spasticity and passive range of motion (pROM) deviations in dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP), and to explore their relation with dystonia, choreoathetosis, and functional abilities.: This cross-sectional study included 53 participants with DCP. Spasticity was assessed with the Modified Ashworth Scale, limited- and increased pROM (hypermobility) with a goniometer, dystonia and choreoathetosis with the Dyskinesia Impairment Scale, gross motor and manual abilities with corresponding functional classification systems.

Preexercise Cycling Protocol Alters Pacing Behavior in Competitive Time Trials.

Purpose: The behavior of an opponent has been shown to alter pacing and performance. To advance our understanding of the impact of perceptual stimuli such as an opponent on pacing and performance, this study examined the effect of a preexercise cycling protocol on exercise regulation with and without an opponent.

Methods: Twelve trained cyclists performed 4 experimental, self-paced 4-km time-trial conditions on an advanced cycle ergometer in a randomized, counterbalanced order.

Dystonia and choreoathetosis presence and severity in relation to powered wheelchair mobility performance in children and youth with dyskinetic cerebral palsy.

Introduction: Power wheelchairs (PW) with head/foot steering systems are used as an alternative to joysticks in children with severe dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP). Mobility training programs are unstandardized to date, and insight on dystonia, choreoathetosis, and mobility performance may lead to greater independent mobility.

Objective: To map the presence and severity of dystonia and choreoathetosis during PW mobility in DCP and their relation with mobility performance.

Effect of knee arthroplasty on sports participation and activity levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Desires and expectations of patients in regard to resume participation in sport activities after knee arthroplasty strongly increased in recent years. Therefore, this review systematically reviewed the available scientific literature on the effect of knee arthroplasty on sports participation and activity levels.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Eye Gaze Gaming Intervention in Children with Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study of Task Performance and Its Relation with Dystonia and Choreoathetosis.

Objectives: To investigate the operational competences screen navigation and dwell function underlying eye gaze performance, and the relation of dystonia and choreoathetosis with eye gaze performance in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP).

Methods: During a 5-week intervention, ten participants with DCP played eye gaze video games daily for 30 minutes. Six games were used to assess task performance, fixation count, and eye movement accuracy during four measurements.

Inertial Sensor-Based Lower Limb Joint Kinematics: A Methodological Systematic Review.

The use of inertial measurement units (IMUs) has gained popularity for the estimation of lower limb kinematics. However, implementations in clinical practice are still lacking. The aim of this review is twofold-to evaluate the methodological requirements for IMU-based joint kinematic estimation to be applicable in a clinical setting, and to suggest future research directions.

Pacing Behavior Development of Youth Short-Track Speed Skaters: A Longitudinal Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the development of pacing behavior of athletes during adolescence using a longitudinal design.

Methods: Lap times of male short-track speed skaters (140 skaters, 573 race performances) over two or more 1500-m races during Junior World Championships between 2010 and 2018 were analyzed. Races were divided into four sections (laps 1-3, 4-7, 8-11, and 12-14).

Head-to-head competition does not affect pacing or performance in 1 km cycling time trials.

Previous research has shown enhanced performance and altered pacing behaviour in the presence of a virtual opponent during middle-distance cycling time trials with a duration of 2 min and longer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these effects are also present in cycling time trials of shorter duration. Twelve physically active men completed three 1-km time trials.

Athlete-Opponent Interdependency Alters Pacing and Information-Seeking Behavior.

Purpose: The influence of interdependency between competitors on pacing decision-making and information-seeking behavior has been explored. This has been done by only altering instructions, and thereby action possibilities, while controlling environment (i.e.

Pacing Behavior of Elite Youth Athletes: Analyzing 1500-m Short-Track Speed Skating.

Purpose: To gain insight into the development of pacing behavior of youth athletes in 1500-m short-track speed-skating competition.

Methods: Lap times and positioning of elite short-track skaters during the seasons 2011/2012-2015/2016 were analyzed (N = 9715). The participants were grouped into age groups: under 17 (U17), under 19 (U19), under 21 (U21), and senior.

Pacing Decision Making in Sport and the Effects of Interpersonal Competition: A Critical Review.

An athlete's pacing strategy is widely recognised as an essential determinant for performance during individual events. Previous research focussed on the importance of internal bodily state feedback, revealed optimal pacing strategies in time-trial exercise, and explored concepts such as teleoanticipation and template formation. Recently, human-environment interactions have additionally been emphasized as a crucial determinant for pacing, yet how they affect pacing is not well understood.

The Effect of Preceding Race Efforts on Pacing and Short-Track Speed Skating Performance.

Purpose: To examine whether preceding high-intensity race efforts in a competitive weekend affect pacing behavior and performance in elite short-track speed skaters.

Methods: Finishing and intermediate lap times were gathered from 500-, 1000-, and 1500-m short-track speed skating world cups during the seasons 2011-2016. The effect of preceding races on pacing behavior and performance was explored using 2 studies.

The Impact of Different Competitive Environments on Pacing and Performance.

Purpose: In real-life competitive situations, athletes are required to continuously make decisions about how and when to invest their available energy resources. This study attempted to identify how different competitive environments invite elite short-track speed skaters to modify their pacing behavior during head-to-head competition.

Methods: Lap times of elite 500-, 1000- and 1500-m short-track speed skating competitions between 2011 and 2016 (N = 34,095 races) were collected.

Racing an Opponent: Alteration of Pacing, Performance, and Muscle-Force Decline but Not Rating of Perceived Exertion.

Purpose: Performing against a virtual opponent has been shown to invite a change in pacing and improve time-trial (TT) performance. This study explored how this performance improvement is established by assessing changes in pacing, neuromuscular function, and perceived exertion.

Methods: After a peak-power-output test and a familiarization TT, 12 trained cyclists completed two 4-km TTs in randomized order on a Velotron cycle ergometer.

Objectifying Tactics: Athlete and Race Variability in Elite Short-Track Speed Skating.

Purpose: To objectively capture and understand tactical considerations in a race, the authors explored whether race-to-race variation of an athlete and the variation of competitors within a race could provide insight into how and when athletes modify their pacing decisions in response to other competitors.

Methods: Lap times of elite 500-, 1000-, and 1500-m short-track speed-skating competitions from 2011 to 2016 (N = 6965 races) were collected. Log-transformed lap and finishing times were analyzed with mixed linear models.

The Science of Racing against Opponents: Affordance Competition and the Regulation of Exercise Intensity in Head-to-Head Competition.

Athlete-environment interactions are crucial factors in understanding the regulation of exercise intensity in head-to-head competitions. Previously, we have proposed a framework based on the interdependence of perception and action, which allows us to explore athletic behavior in the more complex pacing situations occurring when athletes need to respond to actions of their opponents. In the present perspective we will further explore whether opponents, crucial external factors in competitive sports, could indeed be perceived as social invitations for action.

Differences in Muscle Oxygenation, Perceived Fatigue and Recovery between Long-Track and Short-Track Speed Skating.

Due to the technical nature of speed skating, that is affecting physiological mechanisms such as oxygenation and blood flow, this sport provides a unique setting allowing us to uncover novel mechanistic insights of the physiological response to exercise in elite middle-distance and endurance sports. The present study aimed to examine the influence of skating mode (short-track vs. long-track) on muscle oxygenation, perceived fatigue, and recovery in elite speed skating.