Early cell response of osteogenic cells on differently modified implant surfaces: Sequences of cell proliferation, adherence and differentiation.

Objectives: Osseointegration of dental implants is a crucial prerequisite for long-term survival. Therefore, surface modifications are needed to interact with the extracellular environment and to trigger osteogenic cell responses such as cell proliferation, adherence, and differentiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate different surface modifications in vitro over 2 weeks.