A numerical evaluation of a novel recovery fresh air heat pump concept for a generic electric bus.

Since the outbreak of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, public transportation networks have faced unprecedented challenges and have looked for practical solutions to address the rising safety concerns. It is deemed that in confined spaces, operating heating units (and cooling) in non-re-circulation mode ( all-fresh air mode) could reduce the airborne transmission of this infectious disease, by reducing the density of the pathogen and exposure time. However, this will expectedly increase the energy demand and reduce the driving range of electric buses.

Combination of CFD and DOE to analyze and improve the mass flow rate in urinary catheters.

The urinary catheter is a thin plastic tube that has been designed to empty the bladder artificially, effortlessly, and with minimum discomfort. The current CH14 male catheter design was examined with a view to optimizing the mass flow rate. The literature imposed constraints to the analysis of the urinary catheter to ensure that a compromise between optimal flow, patient comfort, and everyday practicality from manufacture to use was achieved in the new design.