"Ashamed of being seen in an HIV clinic": a qualitative analysis of barriers to engaging in HIV care from the perspectives of patients and healthcare workers in the Daraja clinical trial.

Background: There is high post-hospital discharge mortality among persons with HIV who are hospitalized, and post-hospital survival is strongly associated with early HIV clinic linkage, clinic attendance, and antiretroviral therapy adherence. The Daraja intervention, a context-tailored case management strategy implemented and tested through a randomized trial in Tanzania, was associated with improved HIV clinic linkage, retention, and ART initiation and adherence.

Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) in a sub-sample of 40 study participants (20 control and 20 intervention) 12 months after enrollment into the trial to gain an in-depth understanding of the barriers to HIV care engagement and the perceived mechanisms through which the Daraja intervention impacted these barriers.

Language, meaning and measure: Community perspectives and experiences of physical punishments and the transforming child protection and child rights landscapes in Tanzania.

Background: Over the last decade Tanzania has become recognized as a regional leader in addressing issues of violence affecting children. Despite global partnerships and national initiatives, physical punishments remain legally sanctioned and broadly socially supported as part of responsible childrearing.

Objective: This research aimed to gain insights into community perspectives and experiences of physical punishments in children's upbringings and how community derived meaning and measurement of particular acts relate with global rights-based conceptualizations of physical violence against children.