Lipidomics Profiling of the Linoleic Acid Metabolites After Whole-Body Vibration in Humans.

Bioactive lipids have been identified as dynamic signaling lipid mediators (LMs). These fats have the ability to activate responses and control bodily functions either directly or indirectly. Linoleic Acid (LA) and Alpha Linoleic Acid (ALA) are types of omega 3 fatty acids that possess inflammatory properties and promote resolution of inflammation either through their own actions or through their metabolites known as oxylipins.

Detailed Protocol for Solid-Phase Extraction for Lipidomic Analysis.

Developing robust analytical techniques is a vital phase to facilitate understanding the roles and impacts of various omic profilings in cellular functions. The comprehensive analysis of various biological molecules within a biological system requires a precise sample preparation technique. Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) has proven to be an indispensable method in lipidomic analysis, providing an uncomplicated and user-friendly technique for extraction and purification of lipid components from complex biological matrices.

Market Needs and Methodologies Associated with Patient Lipidomic Diagnoses and Analyses.

This chapter conducts an in-depth exploration of the impact of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders and injuries, with a specific emphasis on their consequences within the older population demographic. It underscores the escalating demand for innovative interventions in MSK tissue engineering. The chapter also highlights the fundamental role played by lipid signaling mediators (LSMs) in tissue regeneration, with relevance to bone and muscle recovery.

Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Lipid Signaling.

This chapter provides an overview of the diverse range of applications associated with nanoparticles. The application of nanoparticles in the medical field has garnered considerable attention due to their unique properties and versatile compositions. They have shown promise in the treatment of cancer, fungal and viral infections, and pain management.

Zebrafish as a Model for Lipidomics and Similar Investigations.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a pivotal model organism in vertebrate development research over several decades. Beyond its contributions to developmental biology, zebrafish have increasingly played a crucial role in the field of lipidomics. Lipidomics, a comprehensive analysis of lipids within biological systems, offers profound insights into lipid metabolism and signaling pathways.

P7C3 ameliorates barium chloride-induced skeletal muscle injury activating transcriptomic and epigenetic modulation of myogenic regulatory factors.

Skeletal muscle injury affects the quality of life in many pathologies, including volumetric muscle loss, contusion injury, and aging. We hypothesized that the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) activator P7C3 improves muscle repair following injury. In the present study, we tested the effect of P7C3 (1-anilino-3-(3,6-dibromocarbazol-9-yl) propan-2-ol) on chemically induced muscle injury.

Both enantiomers of β-aminoisobutyric acid BAIBA regulate Fgf23 via MRGPRD receptor by activating distinct signaling pathways in osteocytes.

With exercise, muscle and bone produce factors with beneficial effects on brain, fat, and other organs. Exercise in mice increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), urine phosphate, and the muscle metabolite L-β-aminoisobutyric acid (L-BAIBA), suggesting that L-BAIBA may play a role in phosphate metabolism. Here, we show that L-BAIBA increases in serum with exercise and elevates Fgf23 in osteocytes.

Septin 7 interacts with Numb to preserve sarcomere structural organization and muscle contractile function.

Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which aging-related reductions of the levels of in skeletal muscle fibers contribute to loss of muscle strength and power, two critical features of sarcopenia. Numb is an adaptor protein best known for its critical roles in development, including asymmetric cell division, cell-type specification, and termination of intracellular signaling. expression is reduced in old humans and mice.

Mitofusin 2 plays a critical role in maintaining the functional integrity of the neuromuscular-skeletal axis.

Purpose: Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is one of two mitofusins involved in regulating mitochondrial size, shape and function, including mitophagy, an important cellular mechanism to limit oxidative stress. Reduced expression of Mfn2 has been associated with impaired osteoblast differentiation and function and a reduction in the number of viable osteocytes in bone. We hypothesized that the genetic absence of Mfn2 in these cells would increase their susceptibility to aging-associated metabolic stress, leading to a progressive impairment in skeletal homeostasis over time.

SiON Coating Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Antioxidant Capacity via Nuclear Erythroid Factor 2 Activity under Toxic Oxidative Stress Conditions.

Healing in compromised and complicated bone defects is often prolonged and delayed due to the lack of bioactivity of the fixation device, secondary infections, and associated oxidative stress. Here, we propose amorphous silicon oxynitride (SiON) as a coating for the fixation devices to improve both bioactivity and bacteriostatic activity and reduce oxidative stress. We aimed to study the effect of increasing the N/O ratio in the SiON to fine-tune the cellular activity and the antioxidant effect via the NRF2 pathway under oxidative stress conditions.

L-β-aminoisobutyric acid, L-BAIBA, a marker of bone mineral density and body mass index, and D-BAIBA of physical performance and age.

As both L- and D-BAIBA are increased with exercise, we sought to determine if circulating levels would be associated with physical performance. Serum levels of L- and D-BAIBA were quantified in 120 individuals (50% female) aged 20-85 years and categorized as either a "low" (LP), "average" (AP) or "high" performing (HP). Association analysis was performed using Spearman (S) and Pearson (P) correlation.

γ-Aminobutyric acids (GABA) and serum GABA/AABA (G/A) ratio as potential biomarkers of physical performance and aging.

Declining physical performance with age and disease is an important indicator of declining health. Biomarkers that identify declining physical performance would be useful in predicting treatment outcomes and identifying potential therapeutics. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a muscle autocrine factor, is a potent inhibitor of muscle function and works as a muscle relaxant.

Loss of Ptpmt1 limits mitochondrial utilization of carbohydrates and leads to muscle atrophy and heart failure in tissue-specific knockout mice.

While mitochondria in different tissues have distinct preferences for energy sources, they are flexible in utilizing competing substrates for metabolism according to physiological and nutritional circumstances. However, the regulatory mechanisms and significance of metabolic flexibility are not completely understood. Here, we report that the deletion of , a mitochondria-based phosphatase, critically alters mitochondrial fuel selection - the utilization of pyruvate, a key mitochondrial substrate derived from glucose (the major simple carbohydrate), is inhibited, whereas the fatty acid utilization is enhanced.

SEPTIN 7 INTERACTS WITH NUMB TO PRESERVE SARCOMERE STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION AND MUSCLE CONTRACTILE FUNCTION.

Here, we investigated mechanisms by which aging-related reductions of the levels of Numb in skeletal muscle fibers contribute to loss of muscle strength and power, two critical features of sarcopenia. Numb is an adaptor protein best known for its critical roles in development including asymmetric cell division, cell-type specification and termination of intracellular signaling. Numb expression is reduced in old humans and mice.

L-BAIBA Synergizes with Sub-Optimal Mechanical Loading to Promote New Bone Formation.

The L-enantiomer of β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is secreted by contracted muscle in mice, and exercise increases serum levels in humans. In mice, L-BAIBA reduces bone loss with unloading, but whether it can have a positive effect with loading is unknown. Since synergism can be more easily observed with sub-optimal amounts of factors/stimulation, we sought to determine whether L-BAIBA could potentiate the effects of sub-optimal loading to enhance bone formation.

Advanced Methodology for Rapid Isolation of Single Myofibers from Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle.

Isolated individual myofibers are valuable experimental models that can be used in various conditions to understand skeletal muscle physiology and pathophysiology at the tissue and cellular level. This report details a time- and cost-effective method for isolation of single myofibers from the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle in both young and aged mice. The FDB muscle was chosen for its documented history in single myofiber experiments.

Denervation Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle is Not Influenced by Numb Levels in Mice.

Skeletal muscle undergoes rapid and extensive atrophy following nerve transection though the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We previously showed transiently elevated Notch 1 signaling in denervated skeletal muscle that was abrogated by administration of nandrolone (an anabolic steroid) combined with replacement doses of testosterone. Numb is an adaptor molecule present in myogenic precursors and skeletal muscle fibers that is vital for normal tissue repair after muscle injury and for skeletal muscle contractile function.

The L-enantiomer of β- aminobutyric acid (L-BAIBA) as a potential marker of bone mineral density, body mass index, while D-BAIBA of physical performance and age.

Background: As both L- and D-BAIBA are increased with exercise, we sought to determine if circulating levels would be associated with physical performance.

Method: Serum levels of L- and D-BAIBA were quantified in 120 individuals (50% female) aged 20-85 years and categorized as either a "low" (LP), "average"(AP) or "high" performer (HP).Association analysis was performed using Spearman (S) and Pearson (P) rank correlation.

Quantification of Endocannabinoids from Biological Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are a family of lipid molecules with important regulatory function in the brain and immune system. The two well-studied eCBs are arachidonic acid derivatives, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Currently one of the most important methods for quantitative analysis of eCBs and related lipids from biological matrices is liquid chromatographic separation coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) owing to its high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as no derivatization procedures needed.

Body weight influences musculoskeletal adaptation to long-term voluntary wheel running during aging in female mice.

Frailty is the hallmark of aging that can be delayed with exercise. The present studies were initiated based on the hypothesis that long-term voluntary wheel running (VWR) in female mice from 12 to 18 or 22 months of age would have beneficial effects on the musculoskeletal system. Mice were separated into high (HBW) and low (LBW) body weight based on final body weights upon termination of experiments.