Problem: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted global disparities in accessing essential health products, demonstrating the critical need for low- and middle-income countries to develop local production and innovation capabilities.
Approach: The health economic-industrial complex approach changed the values that guided innovation and industrial policies in Brazil. The approach directed health production and innovation to universal access; the health ministry led a whole-of-government approach; and public procurement was strategically applied to stimulate productive public and private investments.