Oxidative Stress in the Murine Model of Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis.

Oxidative stress is associated with several infectious diseases, as well as the severity of inflammatory reactions. The control of inflammation during parasite destruction is a target of neurocysticercosis treatment, as inflammation is strongly related to symptom severity. In this study, we investigated the presence of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, two by-products of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in an experimental model of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis.

Murine Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis: Appropriate Model for Evaluating Anthelminthic and Anti-Inflammatory Treatment Schedules.

Background: Experimental models of neurocysticercosis (NCC) are helpful for an improved understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and for testing novel therapeutic approaches. Controlling inflammation without reducing the effectiveness of anthelmintics is an important challenge in treating neurocysticercosis. This study investigates the effects of currently used drugs (Albendazole and Dexamethasone) in treating murine extraparenchymal NCC.

Trends in Hospitalization and Mortality Rates Associated with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms in Brazil.

Background: Epidemiology of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) is valuable for determining neurosurgical and general health care effectiveness. There is an information gap regarding these conditions in middle- and low-income countries. Therefore, we aimed to investigate hospitalization and mortality rates for SAH and UIA in Brazil from 2011 to 2019.

Decompressive Craniectomy in Patients with Malignant Stroke with Additional Vascular Territory.

Background: Decompressive craniectomy substantially reduces mortality and disability rates following a malignant stroke. This procedure remains a life-saving option, especially in contexts with little access to mechanical thrombectomy despite downward trends in the performance of decompressive craniectomy due to discussions on the acceptance of living with severe disabilities. However, the outcomes of the surgery in cases involving concomitant occlusion of anterior or posterior cerebral arteries have not been extensively studied.

Nonaneurysmal Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Associated with an Anomalous Anastomotic Cisternal Vein.

A 54-year-old woman with no relevant medical history presented with severe headache, nausea, and vomiting for 8 days. Imaging examination revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left interpeduncular cistern without aneurysms. Computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography found an anomalous vein near the site of the hemorrhagic clots, indicating abnormalities in cerebral venous drainage that provided an anastomosis between the drainage system of the deep middle cerebral, petrosal, and lateral mesencephalic veins.

Current Role of Surgery in the Treatment of Neurocysticercosis.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in low- and middle-income countries. The infection is pleomorphic, caused by the larval form of the cestode, , and part of the heterogeneity of its clinical presentations is associated with the localization of the parasite within the CNS. Changes in the current epidemiological trends of NCC indicate that extra-parenchymal NCC is proportionally becoming more frequent.

Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mortality and Morbidity in Aruba-Eligible Studies.

Background: Treating unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) represent significant challenges, with numerous uncertainties still in debate. The ARUBA trial induced further investigation into optimal management strategies for these lesions. Here, we present a systematic-review and meta-analysis focusing on ARUBA-eligible studies, aiming to correlate patient data with outcomes and discuss key aspects of these studies.

Survival in patients undergoing surgical resection for brain metastasis from lung cancer and utility of different prognostic scales.

Brain metastases (BM) from lung cancer are among the most common intracranial tumors. Several studies have published scales to estimate the survival of patients with BM. Routine access to molecular diagnostics and modern oncologic treatments, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy, is limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); therefore, incorporating them into recent prognostic scales may diminish the reliability of the scales in LMICs.

Sexual dimorphism in the murine model of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis.

Neurocysticercosis is a heterogeneous disease, and the patient's sex seems to play a role in this heterogeneity. Hosts' sexual dimorphism in cysticercosis has been largely explored in the murine model of intraperitoneal Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis. In this study, we investigated the sexual dimorphism of inflammatory responses in a rat model of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis caused by T.

CDH1 hypermethylation: a potential molecular pathway for invasiveness in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive central nervous system primary tumor. Prognosis is poor, mainly due to the malignant characteristics of the tumor, such as high cell proliferation and invasiveness. CDH1 hypermethylation is linked to the invasive potential in various cancer types, but its importance is still unknown in glioblastoma.

Metabolomics Approach Reveals Important Glioblastoma Plasma Biomarkers for Tumor Biology.

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and frequent primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system and is associated with poor overall survival even after treatment. To better understand tumor biochemical alterations and broaden the potential targets of GB, this study aimed to evaluate differential plasma biomarkers between GB patients and healthy individuals using metabolomics analysis. Plasma samples from both groups were analyzed via untargeted metabolomics using direct injection with an electrospray ionization source and an LTQ mass spectrometer.

Differential Plasma Metabolites between High- and Low-Grade Meningioma Cases.

Meningiomas (MGMs) are currently classified into grades I, II, and III. High-grade tumors are correlated with decreased survival rates and increased recurrence rates. The current grading classification is based on histological criteria and determined only after surgical tumor sampling.

Contralateral Anterior Interhemispheric-Transcallosal-Transrostral Approach for the Resection of a Subcallosal Cavernous Malformation: A Case Report and an Operative Video.

This case report demonstrates the surgical resection of a cerebral cavernous malformation located in the subcallosal region. The authors present a detailed operative video explaining the steps to successfully remove the lesion through a contralateral interhemispheric-transcallosal-transrostral approach with the patient in lateral decubitus. The surgical procedure was uneventful, and the patient had no postoperative deficits and no residual lesions in a three-month follow-up.

Occipital Interhemispheric Transtentorial Approach for a Pineal Region Meningioma with Pseudobulbar Palsy.

Meningiomas represent 8%-10% of all pineal region (PR) tumors. When they arise from the falx, tentorium, or tentorial incisura, they are not always considered a true PR tumor, as they do not originate from it but instead only grow toward the region. The true meningioma of PR must be originated from the arachnoid envelope of the pineal gland or from the 2 leaflets of the velum interpositum.

Microscopic resection of a giant epidermoid tumor of the pineal region via supracerebellar infra and transtentorial approach with endoscope assistance.

The authors present a case of a 22-year-old male who developed hydrocephalus symptoms related to a giant epidermoid tumor at the pineal region. The surgical approach and technique for a large epidermoid tumor in this area are extensively discussed. A paramedian contralateral supracerebellar infratentorial and transtentorial approach was performed, with the patient in a semisitting position.

Long-term follow-up of patients undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant stroke: Quality of life and caregiver's burden in a real-world setting.

Background And Purpose: Decompressive hemicraniectomy is a life-saving procedure for the treatment of space-occupying middle cerebral artery infarctions (malignant stroke); however, patients may survive severely disabled. Comprehensive data on long-term sequelae outside randomized controlled trials are scarce.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the survival rates, quality of life, ability to perform activities of daily living, and caregiver burden of 61 patients (aged from 37 to 83) who had previously undergone decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant stroke between 2012 and 2017.

A Rat Model of Neurocysticercosis-Induced Hydrocephalus: Chronic Progressive Hydrocephalus with Mild Clinical Impairment.

Background: Hydrocephalus is the most common complication of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis, combining obstructive and inflammatory mechanisms that impair cerebrospinal fluid circulation.

Methods: We studied the long-term progression of neurocysticercosis-induced hydrocephalus in a rat model. We generated an experimental rat model of neurocysticercosis-induced hydrocephalus by cisternal inoculation of cysts or antigens of Taenia crassiceps and compared it with the classic model of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus.

Paramedian contralateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach to thalamic cavernous malformation.

Cavernous malformations (CVMs) located in the thalamus are uncommon. However, they pose difficulties for resection because of their close proximity to eloquent areas of the brain and vascular structures, and all surgical corridors to access them are narrow. In this video, we report the case of a 19-year-old woman who presented with a long-standing history of right hemiparesis with recent deterioration.