Photovoltaic Electrochemically Driven Degradation of Calcon Dye with Simultaneous Green Hydrogen Production.

In this study, for the first time, the production of green hydrogen gas (H) in the cathodic compartment, in concomitance with the electrochemical oxidation (EO) of an aqueous solution containing Calcon dye at the anodic compartment, was studied in a PEM-type electrochemical cell driven by a photovoltaic (PV) energy source. EO of Calcon was carried out on a Nb/BDD anode at different current densities (7.5, 15 and 30 mA cm), while a stainless steel (SS) cathode was used for green H production.

Applicability of Cork as Novel Modifiers to Develop Electrochemical Sensor for Caffeine Determination.

This study aims to investigate the applicability of a hybrid electrochemical sensor composed of cork and graphite (Gr) for detecting caffeine in aqueous solutions. Raw cork (RAC) and regranulated cork (RGC, obtained by thermal treatment of RAC with steam at 380 °C) were tested as modifiers. The results clearly showed that the cork-graphite sensors, GrRAC and GrRGC, exhibited a linear response over a wide range of caffeine concentration (5-1000 µM), with R of 0.

Removal of herbicide 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) from aqueous solutions by electrochemical oxidation using boron-doped diamond (BDD) and PbO electrodes.

The electrochemical removal of the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) herbicide, a potentially carcinogenic agent from aqueous solutions, was performed at PbO and BDD electrodes by bulk electrolysis under galvanostatic control (300 and 400 A m) and under two pH conditions (3 and 9). Results clearly indicated that a 62 % of mineralization was achieved with BDD anode at pH 3, while only a 46 % of electrochemical oxidation (EO) was achieved at PbO electrode. The mineralization current efficiency (MCE) depended on the electrode material, current density, and pH conditions; but, for both PbO and BDD, high MCE was achieved at pH 3 and 300 A m, obtaining 2.

Cathodic hydrogen production by simultaneous oxidation of methyl red and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate aqueous solutions using Pb/PbO, Ti/Sb-doped SnO and Si/BDD anodes. Part 1: electrochemical oxidation.

In this work, the electrochemical oxidation of the Methyl Red (MR) dye and the herbicide sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-DNa) was investigated on Si/BDD, Pb/PbO and Ti/Sb-doped SnO anodes in aqueous acidic medium by applying 30 mA cm at 298 K. The electrochemical experiments were carried out in a two-compartment electrochemical cell separated through a Nafion® membrane (417 type) in order to use two types of supporting electrolyte to measure the elimination of the organic compound, the hydrogen production and the amount of oxygen produced during the oxidation of the pollutants. Although the main goal of this study is to understand the relationship between both processes, the evaluation of the current efficiencies () is a key parameter to determine the anodic oxidative capacity to degrade the proposed pollutants.

Cathodic hydrogen production by simultaneous oxidation of methyl red and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate in aqueous solutions using PbO, Sb-doped SnO and Si/BDD anodes. Part 2: hydrogen production.

In this work, results concerning hydrogen gas production during the oxidation of methyl red (MR) and sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-DNa), is presented, emphasizing not only the amount of hydrogen gas that was produced but also the kinetic and efficiency parameters involved in this process. For this purpose, a two-compartment electrochemical cell was used with a Nafion® membrane as separator in order to collect H without other chemical species (only with traces of water vapor). Under these experimental conditions, it was possible to guarantee the purity of the H collected.

Degradation of 1-hydroxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene from aqueous solutions by electrochemical oxidation: role of anodic material.

Electrochemical oxidation (ECOx) of 1-hydroxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene (or 2,4-dinitrophenol: 2,4-DNP) in aqueous solutions by electrolysis under galvanostatic control was studied at Pb/PbO2, Ti/SnO2, Ti/IrxRuySnO2 and Si/BDD anodes as a function of current density applied. Oxidative degradation of 2,4-DNP has clearly shown that electrode material and the current density applied were important parameters to optimize the oxidation process. It was observed that 2,4-DNP was oxidized at few substrates to CO2 with different results, obtaining good removal efficiencies at Pb/PbO2, Ti/SnO2 and Si/BDD anodes.

Resistance to intestinal coccidiosis following DNA immunization with the cloned 3-1E Eimeria gene plus IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-gamma.

A cloned Eimeria acervulina gene (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis, both alone and in combination with genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or interferon (IFN)-gamma. Vaccination efficacy was assessed by increased serum anti-3-1E antibody titers, reduced fecal oocyst shedding, and enhanced body weight gain following experimental infection with E. acervulina.

Protective immunity against Eimeria acervulina following in ovo immunization with a recombinant subunit vaccine and cytokine genes.

A purified recombinant protein from Eimeria acervulina (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis both alone and in combination with expression plasmids encoding the interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. When used alone, vaccination with 100 or 500 mug of 3-1E resulted in significantly decreased oocyst shedding compared with that in nonvaccinated chickens. Simultaneous vaccination of the 3-1E protein with the IL-1, -15, -16, or -17 gene induced higher serum antibody responses than 3-1E alone.