N-acetyl-cysteine in Intensive Care Unit Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: We assessed the potential association between N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and clinical outcomes in critically ill subjects with COVID-19-related ARDS.

Material And Methods: We included subjects with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to our ICU between March 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021, due to ARDS and necessitating invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Subjects who received standard of care (SOC) were compared with subjects who additionally received NAC 600 mg bid orally.

The Evolution of Triamcinolone Acetonide Therapeutic Use in Retinal Diseases: From Off-Label Intravitreal Injection to Advanced Nano-Drug Delivery Systems.

Ophthalmic drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye has been challenging due to the complex ocular anatomy. Intravitreal injection of drugs was introduced to deliver therapeutic doses in the posterior segment. Different posterior segment diseases including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusions, uveitis, and cystoid macular edema, among others, have been historically treated with intravitreal corticosteroids injections, and more recently with intravitreal corticosteroids drug implants.

The HLA-DRB1*07 Allele Is Associated with Interstitial Lung Abnormalities (ILA) and Subpleural Location in a Mexican Mestizo Population.

Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are defined as the presence of different patterns of increased lung density, including ground glass attenuation and reticular opacities on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). In this study, we included 90 subjects with ILA and 189 healthy controls (HC) from our Aging Lung Program. We found that subjects with ILA are older, have a significant smoking history, and have worse pulmonary function than HC ( < 0.

Differential Genomic Profile in , and Between COPD Patients With Emphysema, IPF, and CPFE Syndrome.

Genetic association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with lasting lung diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), as well as the simultaneous presentation, known as Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE) Syndrome. It is unknown if these diseases share genetic variants previously described in an independent way. This study aims to identify common or differential variants between COPD, IPF, and CPFE.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Gene Is Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease Positive to Anti-Jo1 Antisynthetase Autoantibodies.

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD) is a rare multisystemic connective tissue disease affecting the skin, joints, muscles, and lungs, characterized by anti-aminoacyl transfer-RNA-synthetases (anti-tRNA) autoantibodies production, being anti-Jo1 the most frequent. We included one-hundred twenty-one ASSD patients and 340 healthy subjects (HS), and also, we divided the case group into anti-Jo1 and non-anti-Jo1. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene were evaluated.

Role of the Host Genetic Susceptibility to 2009 Pandemic Influenza A H1N1.

Influenza A virus (IAV) is the most common infectious agent in humans, and infects approximately 10-20% of the world's population, resulting in 3-5 million hospitalizations per year. A scientific literature search was performed using the PubMed database and the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) "Influenza A H1N1" and "Genetic susceptibility". Due to the amount of information and evidence about genetic susceptibility generated from the studies carried out in the last influenza A H1N1 pandemic, studies published between January 2009 to May 2020 were considered; 119 papers were found.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients expressing the HLA-DRB1*04 allele, and after treatment they show a low frequency of HLA-II+ monocytes and a chronic systemic inflammation.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb); most TB patients are infected with strains of Mtb sensitive to first-line drugs (DS-TB), but in the last years has been increased the presence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). HLA class II (HLA-II) is expressed on antigen-presenting cells and reported the association between HLA alleles and DS-TB in the Mexican population. We studied HLA-II + CD16 monocytes frequency and its relation with a pro-inflammatory profile during DS-TB versus MDR-TB, both before as in response to anti-tuberculosis treatment.

Polymorphisms in Processing and Antigen Presentation-Related Genes and Their Association with Host Susceptibility to Influenza A/H1N1 2009 Pandemic in a Mexican Mestizo Population.

(1) Background: The influenza A/H1N1 pdm09 virus rapidly spread throughout the world. Despite the inflammatory and virus-degradation pathways described in the pathogenesis of influenza A virus (IAV) infection, little is known about the role of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes involved in the processing and antigenic presentation-related mechanisms. (2) Methods: In this case-control study, we evaluated 17 SNPs in five genes (, , , , and ).

Genetic variants in IL17A and serum levels of IL-17A are associated with COPD related to tobacco smoking and biomass burning.

IL-17A is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the inflammatory response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To evaluate the role played by single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL17A and protein levels in susceptibility to COPD, 1,807 subjects were included in a case-control study; 436 had COPD related to tobacco smoking (COPD-S) and 190 had COPD related to biomass burning (COPD-BB). Six hundred fifty-seven smokers without COPD (SWOC) and 183 biomass burning-exposed subjects (BBES) served as the respective control groups.

Haplotype in (AAT) Is Associated with Reduced Risk for COPD in a Mexican Mestizo Population.

Protease inhibitor S (PiS) and protease inhibitor Z (PiZ) variants in the gene are the main genetics factors associated with COPD; however, investigations about other polymorphisms are scanty. The aim of this study was to evaluate two missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs709932 and rs1303) in the gene in Mexican mestizo patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) related to tobacco smoking and biomass-burning exposure. 1700 subjects were genotyped and divided into four groups: COPD related to tobacco smoking (COPD-S, = 297), COPD related to biomass-burning exposure (COPD-BB, = 178), smokers without COPD (SWOC, = 674), and biomass-burning exposed subjects (BBES, = 551) by real-time PCR.

Type 2 macrophages and Th2 CD4+ cells in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs): an overview.

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group characterized mainly by damage to pulmonary parenchyma, through histopathological processes such as granulomatous pneumopathy, inflammation and fibrosis. Factors that generate susceptibility to ILDs include age, exposure to occupational and environmental compounds, genetic, family history, radiation and chemotherapy/immunomodulatory and cigarette smoke. IFN-γ, IL-1β, and LPS are necessary to induce a classical activation of macrophages, whereas cytokines as IL-4 and IL-13 can induce an alternative activation in macrophages, through the JAK-STAT mediated signal transduction.

Th17 profile in COPD exacerbations.

COPD is characterized by an ongoing inflammatory process of the airways that leads to obstruction or limitation of airflow. It is mainly associated with exposure to cigarette smoke. In addition, it is considered, at present, a serious public health problem, ranking fourth in mortality worldwide.