The Anatomy of the Stomatognathic System in Different Skull Types in Dogs.

The anatomy of the stomatognathic system is important for both clinical evaluations and surgical approaches in all animal species. The aim of this study was to describe the innervation and vascularization of the stomatognathic system of the dog. Twelve dogs without a history of disease or cranial malformation were used: 4 brachycephalic, 4 mesocephalic, and 4 dolichocephalic.

Intracanal Microbiological Contamination Reduction Using Low-intensity Laser Associated with a Photosensitizer - In Vivo Study in Teeth of Dogs.

This study evaluated the efficacy of photodynamic therapy using the photosensitizer azulene and low-intensity laser associated with standard root chemical-surgical preparation (performed with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite) in dogs. Twenty animals from the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (HOVET-FMVZ/USP) and treated at the Compared Dentistry Laboratory (Laboratório de Odontologia Veterinária [LOC]-FMVZ/USP) were included.

Morphometry and Morphology of the Articular Surfaces of the Medial Region of the Temporomandibular Joint in the (Domestic cat) - A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study.

The articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the cat consist of the articular head of the condylar process of the ramus of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the petrous part of the temporal bone. Anatomic conformation of the TMJ articular surfaces can vary; however, this has not been studied in the cat. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the conformation of the medial region of the TMJ in mesocephalic adult cats as well as to determine the articular relationship by measurement of the degree of coverage of the mandibular fossa over the articular head.

Radiographic Assessment of the Feline Temporomandibular Joint with Oblique Projections: A Preliminary Ex Vivo Study.

Radiographic assessment of the temporomandibular joint in the domestic cat using conventional radiographic views can be challenging due to superimposition of overlying structures and the complex anatomy of the skull. The use of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cone beam computed tomography to assess the temporomandibular joint in the cat has increased, but these modalities are not always available in general veterinary practices. Conventional radiography is still commonly used for first line assessment of the temporomandibular joint.

Ozone Therapy in the Prevention of Dental Plaque Formation in Dogs.

This study aims to assess ozonized mineral oil ointment application as an antiplaque therapy for dogs. Domestic healthy dogs received dental scaling and polishing under general anesthesia. Under standard feeding and homecare during 7 days, 20 dogs were randomly placed into 2 different groups for dental treatment.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and photobiomodulation (PBM - 660nm) in a dog with chronic gingivostomatitis.

Chronic gingivostomatitis in dogs is an inflammatory syndrome of the oral cavity, which treatment and control of concomitant periodontitis allow healing in most of the cases. In the presence of recurrent lesions, invasive methods are necessary to treat lesions and pain. As a conservative adjuvant method, photobiomodulation (PBM) with low power laser is able to promote reduction of tissue pain and tissue inflammation besides increasing vascularization and healing, restoring the normal function of the irradiated organ in a shorter time.

Dental disorders in brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) maintained in captivity.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate dental disorders of brown howler monkeys maintained in captivity. The hypothesis is that the identification and diagnosis of the lesions may contribute to control and prevention.

Methods: Sixteen intact brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans), eight females and eight males, weighing from 3.

Morphologic and Morphometric Description of the Temporomandibular Joint in the Domestic Dog Using Computed Tomography.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the domestic dog is a synovial joint with 2 articular surfaces, the mandibular fossa of the squamous portion of the temporal bone and the articular head of the condylar process of the mandible. Although different diagnostic imaging techniques have been used to study the TMJ in dogs, morphologic and morphometric studies based on computed tomography (CT) are scarce. The purpose of the present study was to describe the morphologic and morphometric features of the TMJ in domestic dogs using CT.

Measurement of Incisor Overjet and Physiological Diastemata Parameters in Quarter Horse Foals.

Cephalometric studies are important to quantify abnormalities of jaw length and positioning. In this study, 4 to 7-month-old Quarter horse foals (n = 51) were examined to determine overjet (horizontal overlap) prevalence and measure the size of the physiological diastemata. Results were analyzed in relation to age, sex, and lineage.

Tooth bleaching induces changes in the vascular permeability of rat incisor pulps.

Purpose: To evaluate the inflammatory response in dental pulps of rat incisors subjected to tooth bleaching protocols with different HP concentrations and application times.

Methods: 42 incisors from Wistar rats were submitted to tooth bleaching using concentrations of 25% or 35% HP for treatment times of 15, 30 or 45 minutes. Four non-bleached teeth were used as controls.

Cell proliferation and expression of connexins differ in melanotic and amelanotic canine oral melanomas.

Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm occurring in several animal species, and is the most frequently found tumor in the oral cavity in dogs. Melanomas are classified into two types: melanotic and amelanotic. Prior research suggests that human amelanotic melanomas are more aggressive than their melanotic counterparts.

Finite element modeling for development and optimization of a bone plate for mandibular fracture in dogs.

This study aimed to develop a plate to treat fractures of the mandibular body in dogs and to validate the project using finite elements and biomechanical essays. Mandible prototypes were produced with 10 oblique ventrorostral fractures (favorable) and 10 oblique ventrocaudal fractures (unfavorable). Three groups were established for each fracture type.

Oral myiasis in a captive hippopotamus.

Causes of dental infections can be related to failed dental eruption, malocclusion, abrasion, fractures with or without exposure of the dental pulp, and periodontal disease. Reports of oral myiasis in megavertebrates in captivity are infrequent, perhaps due to the difficulty in observing the oral cavity in such species. This report describes a case of oral myiasis in an adult male hippopotamus in the gingival area and alveolar mucosa of the left mandibular canine tooth.

Localization of the mandibular canal in brachycephalic dogs using computed tomography.

For some surgical procedures in veterinary dentistry including exodontia, orthognathic surgery, orthopedic surgery, oncologic surgery, and for the placement of dental implants, it is important to know the accurate location of the neurovascular structures within the mandibular canal. The aim of this research was to determine the course of the mandibular canal in the mandible and its relationship with other anatomical structures in brachycephalic dogs using computerized tomography. Mandibles from 10 brachycephalic cadaver dogs were evaluated.

Oral cavity evaluation and dental chart registration of coati (Nasua nasua) in captivity.

The aims of this study were to develop a dental evaluate any oral cavity disease, develop gypsum models of the dental arches, and to register the occlusions found in coatis (Nasua nasua) in captivity Formulation of the dental chart was assisted by intraoral radiographs from the head of an adult coati cadaver of the same species with the following dental formula.: I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/3, M 2/2. Seven live coatis of the Nasua nasua species were evaluated.

Reattachment of tooth fragment: an in vitro study.

Canine tooth fracture is common in dogs. Application of an esthetic and durable restoration may be challenging in veterinary dental practice. This study used traditional human dental laboratory methods to evaluate fracture strength of intact dog canine teeth and fractured teeth that had been restored by reattachment of the tooth fragment.

Holographic interferometry method for assessment of static load stress distribution in dog mandible.

This study compared the transmission of tensions in fresh, fixed and macerated dog mandibles in order to clarify the diversity of behavior of bone tissues under dry and moist conditions. Double-exposure holographic interferometry was applied and holograms were obtained from 12 fresh hemi-mandibles under static load (control group), which were randomly assigned to 2 groups: 6 were fixed in 10% formalin and 6 were macerated. The specimens were submitted to the same initial force and their respective holograms were obtained.

Repair of Class II furcation defects after a reparative tissue graft obtained from extraction sockets treated with growth factors: a histologic and histometric study in dogs.

Background: Reparative tissue of extraction sockets was proposed as grafting material in the treatment of periodontal defects. Our hypothesis was that the addition of growth factors to extraction sockets improves the regenerative potential of this tissue when used as a graft. The objective of the present study was to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the repair of acute Class II furcation defects after they receive this grafting material.

Oral fractures in dogs of Brazil--a retrospective study.

A retrospective study was performed in 100 dogs with 121 mandibular and 21 maxillary fractures. Dog fight (43.0%) and automobile (12.

Comparative study between the effects of photodynamic therapy and conventional therapy on microbial reduction in ligature-induced peri-implantitis in dogs.

Background: Progressive peri-implant bone losses, which are accompanied by inflammatory lesions in the soft tissues, are referred to as peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and conventional technique on microbial reduction in ligature-induced peri-implantitis in dogs.

Methods: Eighteen third premolars from nine Labrador retriever dogs were extracted and the implants were submerged.

Oral anatomy of the dog and cat in veterinary dentistry practice.

The study of anatomy is important to accomplish any kind of surgical and medical procedure and to understand the physiology and diseases of animals. It is no different in veterinary dentistry. The study of oral anatomy helps the veterinarian to accomplish any kind of surgical procedure more quickly and with less damage to tissues, especially in cases of major oral surgery.