The need for training in palliative care for physicians in other specialties: Brazilian nephrologists empowerment (or appropriation) on renal supportive care.

Background: Renal Supportive/Palliative Care is gaining gradual recognition as a patient-centered care approach that should be integrated to the traditional disease-centered model of care, mainly in elder patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, perceptions, attitude, experience and interest in palliative care among renal care providers.

Methods: Online survey, administered between May 23 to June 13, 2017 to members of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (BSN).

Implementing a patient-centred outcome measure in daily routine in a specialist palliative care inpatient hospital unit: An observational study.

Background: Gathering clinical evidence data on patients' palliative care needs is paramount to identify changes in outcomes over time and maintaining on-going quality improvement. Implementation of patient-centred outcome measures has been widely recommended. The routine use of these instruments in daily practice is challenging and not widespread.

Performance of four ischemic stroke prognostic scores in a Brazilian population.

Objective: Ischemic stroke (IS) prognostic scales may help clinicians in their clinical decisions. This study aimed to assess the performance of four IS prognostic scales in a Brazilian population.

Method: We evaluated data of IS patients admitted at Hospital Paulistano, a Joint Commission International certified primary stroke center.

Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion induces bronchial hyperreactivity and increases serum TNF-alpha in rats.

Introduction: Intestinal or hepatic ischemia/reperfusion induces acute lung injury in animal models of multiple organ failure. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- alpha is involved in the underlying inflammatory mechanism of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although the inflammatory cascade leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome has been extensively investigated, the mechanical components of acute respiratory distress syndrome are not fully understood.

Lung microvascular permeability and neutrophil recruitment are differently regulated by nitric oxide in a rat model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.

We investigated the effect of two inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, N(w)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and aminoguanidine, on lung inflammation caused by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Relative to the sham-operated rats, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (ischemia: 45 min; reperfusion: 30 min, 2 and 4 h) induced neutrophil recruitment (increased myeloperoxidase activity) and increased microvascular permeability (Evans blue dye extravasation) in the lungs and increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels in the serum (L-929 cytotoxicity assay). L-NAME given before the ischemia exacerbated neutrophil accumulation, plasma extravasation, serum TNF and caused death of the animals, which was prevented by concomitant injection of L-arginine.