Adjunctive effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in induced periodontal disease. Animal study with histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, and cytokine evaluation.

Scaling and root planing (SRP) may not always be effective in preventing periodontal disease (PD) progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adjunctive effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) to SRP on induced PD in rats, analyzing histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, and immunoenzymatic parameters. Ligatures were placed around the first mandibular molars and second maxillary molars of 60 rats to induce PD.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an alternative to systemic antibiotics: results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical study on type 2 diabetics.

Aim: This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study compared multiple applications of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) treatment protocol, to systemic doxycycline as adjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) on type 2 diabetic patients on clinical, systemic and immune-inflammatory outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients with Hba1c >7% were allocated in two groups, SRP + Doxy (n = 15) using systemic doxycycline 100 mg/day (14 days) and SRP + aPDT (n = 15) with multiple applications (0, 3, 7 and 14 days). Primary outcome was glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c).

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy associated to nonsurgical periodontal treatment in smokers: microbiological results.

Background: Studies suggest that smokers present more or greater numbers of potential periodontal pathogens than non-smokers. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiologic effects of adjunctive aPDT on nonsurgical periodontal treatment in smokers with chronic periodontitis (CP).

Methods: Twenty smokers with CP had two contralateral teeth randomly assigned in a split-mouth design to receive SRP (CG) or SRP + a single episode of aPDT (TG), with a diode laser and a phenothiazine photosensitizer.

A modified surgical technique for root coverage with an allograft: a 12-month randomized clinical trial.

Background: The aim of this randomized controlled clinical study is to investigate whether a modified surgical technique could provide better results for root coverage and greater amounts of keratinized tissue (KT) with the acellular dermal matrix graft (ADMG).

Methods: Fifteen bilateral Miller Class I or II gingival recessions (GRs) were selected. The recessions were treated and assigned randomly to the test group (TG), and the contralateral recessions were assigned to the control group (CG).

Effect of early membrane removal on the treatment of mandibular class II furcation defects--a controlled clinical trial with re-entry after 12 months.

In a previous study in dogs, the early removal of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane (2 weeks after placement) showed histomorphometric results (of new bone, cementum and periodontal ligament) similar to that obtained with membrane removal at 4 weeks after placement. This study evaluated the influence of early removal of an ePTFE membrane on the treatment of Class II furcation defects. Twelve patients who provided 12 pairs of mandibular furcation defects were recruited for the study.

Treatment of intrabony defects with anorganic bone matrix/p-15 or guided tissue regeneration in patients with aggressive periodontitis.

Intrabony periodontal defects present a particular treatment problem, especially in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP). Regenerative procedures have been indicated for this clinical situation. The aim of this study was to compare treatment outcomes of intrabony periodontal defects with either anorganic bone matrix/cell binding peptide (ABM/P-15) or guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in patients with G-AgP.

Adjunct effect of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to an association of non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment in modulation of gene expression: a human study.

Background: This study has evaluated the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used in conjunction with non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment (PT) in modulating gene expression during periodontal wound healing.

Methods: Fifteen patients with chronic periodontitis, presenting bilaterally lower molars with class III furcation lesions and scheduled for extraction, were selected. In initial therapy, scaling and root planing (SRP) was performed in the Control Group (CG), while SRP+aPDT were performed in the Test Group (TG).

Adjunctive effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to nonsurgical periodontal treatment in smokers: a randomized clinical trial.

The aim of this study was to investigate the adjunctive effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) to scaling and root planing (SRP) in smokers with chronic periodontitis. Twenty subjects had two contralateral teeth randomly assigned to receive SRP (SRP group) or SRP + a single episode of aPDT (SRP + aPDT group), with a diode laser and a phenothiazine photosensitizer. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession were recorded, and gingival crevicular fluid was collected for assay of IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels.

Additional effects of aPDT on nonsurgical periodontal treatment with doxycycline in type II diabetes: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.

The association of doxycycline and periodontal treatment in non-controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) has shown positive results on clinical and metabolic parameters. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a local and painless antimicrobial treatment that can be applied in periodontal treatment without systemic risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential improvement of aPDT on clinical and metabolic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in conjunction with nonsurgical periodontal treatment plus doxycycline.

Effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on transforming growth factor-β1 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid.

Background And Objective: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP). The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) has been considered as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and its levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) could monitor the periodontal repair. This study evaluated the adjunct effect of aPDT compared with SRP, analyzing the TGF-β levels in GCF after nonsurgical and surgical therapy in chronic periodontitis patients.

Buccal bone plate remodeling after immediate implants with or without synthetic bone grafting and flapless surgery: a histomorphometric and fluorescence study in dogs.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the buccal bone plate remodeling after immediate implantation using the flapless approach with or without bone graft into the gap between the implant and the buccal bone.

Material And Methods: Eight dogs had the mandibular bicuspids extracted without flaps, and four implants were installed on each side, totaling eight implants per animal. Randomly, in one side, the implants were positioned at the bone crest level (equicrestal), and on the opposite side, the implants were positioned 2 mm subcrestal.

Buccal bone remodeling after tooth extraction using the flapless approach with and without synthetic bone grafting. A histomorphometric study in dogs.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate buccal bone remodeling of fresh sockets following tooth extraction using the flapless approach, with or without synthetic graft materials.

Material And Methods: Eight dogs had the mandibular bicuspids extracted without flaps, and two alveoli on each side (total of 4) were selected. The following groups were devised: one socket on each side received a grafting material (test group), and the other remained only with a blood clot (control group).

Enamel matrix derivative and transforming growth factor-beta1 in Class III furcation defects. A histomorphometric study in dogs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate histomorphometrically, in dogs, the effect of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), with or without transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), in a periodontal Class III furcation model. Class III furcation defects were created in P3 and P4 of six dogs. The defects were allowed to stabilize for 21 days.

A Randomized comparative clinical study of two surgical procedures to improve root coverage with the acellular dermal matrix graft.

Aim: This randomized, controlled, clinical study compared two surgical techniques for root coverage with the acellular dermal matrix graft (ADMG) to evaluate which procedure could provide better root coverage and greater amounts of keratinized tissue.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen pairs of bilateral Miller Class I or II gingival recessions were treated and assigned randomly to the test group, and the contra-lateral recessions were assigned to the control group. The ADMG was used in both groups.

Treatment of gingival recessions in heavy smokers using two surgical techniques: a controlled clinical trial.

Smokers have small root coverage which is associated with bad vascularity of periodontal tissues. This study evaluated a technique that can increase the blood supply to the periodontal tissues compared with a traditional technique. Twenty heavy smokers (10 males and 10 females) with two bilateral Miller class I gingival recessions received coronally positioned flaps in one side (Control group)and extended flap technique in the other side (Test group).

Buccal bone plate remodeling after immediate implant placement with and without synthetic bone grafting and flapless surgery: radiographic study in dogs.

Recent studies in animals have shown pronounced resorption of the buccal bone plate after immediate implantation. The use of flapless surgical procedures prior to the installation of immediate implants, as well as the use of synthetic bone graft in the gaps represent viable alternatives to minimize buccal bone resorption and to favor osseointegration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing of the buccal bone plate following immediate implantation using the flapless approach, and to compare this process with sites in which a synthetic bone graft was or was not inserted into the gap between the implant and the buccal bone plate.

The effect of a single episode of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of experimental periodontitis. Microbiological profile and cytokine pattern in the dog mandible.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on microbiological profile and cytokine pattern in dogs. Periodontal disease was induced by placing 3.0 silk ligatures around the mandibular pre-molars bilaterally during 8 weeks.

In vitro evaluation of acellular dermal matrix as a three-dimensional scaffold for gingival fibroblasts seeding.

Background: Tissue engineering principles could improve the incorporation of acellular dermal matrix (ADM). The aim of this study is to verify if ADM is a suitable three-dimensional matrix for gingival fibroblasts and cancerous cells ingrowth, and also if cultured medium conditioned in ADM affect cellular behavior.

Methods: Canine gingival fibroblasts (CGF), human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), and murine melanoma cell line (B16F10) were seeded on ADM for up to 14 days.

Comparison between micro- and macrosurgical techniques for the treatment of localized gingival recessions using coronally positioned flaps and enamel matrix derivative.

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the macro- and microsurgery techniques for root coverage using a coronally positioned flap (CPF) associated with enamel matrix derivative (EMD).

Methods: Thirty patients were selected for the treatment of localized gingival recessions (GRs) using CPF associated to EMD. Fifteen patients were randomly assigned to the test group (TG), and 15 patients were randomly assigned to the control group (CG).

The bone formation capabilities of the anorganic bone matrix-synthetic cell-binding peptide 15 grafts in an animal periodontal model: a histologic and histomorphometric study in dogs.

Background: The aim of this study is to verify the regenerative potential of particulate anorganic bone matrix-synthetic peptide-15 (ABM-P-15) in class III furcation defects associated or not with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes.

Methods: Class III furcation defects were produced in the mandibular premolars (P2, P3, and P4) of six dogs and filled with impression material. The membranes and the bone grafts were inserted into P3 and P4, which were randomized to form the test and control groups, respectively; P2 was the negative control group.

Salivary interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8, and osteoprotegerin in patients with periodontitis and diabetes.

Background: Diabetes and periodontitis produce a protein discharge that can be reflected in saliva. This study evaluates the salivary concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in patients with periodontitis with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Whole saliva samples were obtained from 90 subjects who were divided into four groups: healthy (control; n = 22), untreated periodontitis (UPD; n = 24), diabetes mellitus (DM; n = 20), and UPD + DM (n = 24) groups.

Effect of biofunctionalized implant surface on osseointegration: a histomorphometric study in dogs.

Among the different properties that influence bone apposition around implants, the chemical or biochemical composition of implant surface may interfere on its acceptance by the surrounding bone. The aim of this study was to investigate if a biofunctionalization of implant surface influences the bone apposition in a dog model and to compare it with other surfaces, such as a microstructured created by the grit-blasting/acid-etching process. Eight young adult male mongrel dogs had the bilateral mandibular premolars extracted and each one received 6 implants after 12 weeks, totaling 48 implants in the experiment.

Potential of bioactive glass particles of different size ranges to affect bone formation in interproximal periodontal defects in dogs.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the potential of bioactive glass particles of different size ranges to affect bone formation in periodontal defects, using the guided tissue regeneration model in dogs.

Methods: In six dogs, 2-wall intrabony periodontal defects were surgically created and chronified on the mesial surfaces of mandibular third premolars and first molars bilaterally. After 1 month, each defect was randomly assigned to treatment with bioabsorbable membrane in association with bioactive glass with particle sizes between 300 and 355 microm (group 1) or between 90 and 710 microm (group 2), membrane alone (group 3), or negative control (group 4).

Subepithelial connective tissue graft for root coverage in smokers and non-smokers: a clinical and histologic controlled study in humans.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate root coverage of gingival recessions and to compare graft vascularization in smokers and non-smokers.

Methods: Thirty subjects, 15 smokers and 15 non-smokers, were selected. Each subject had one Miller Class I or II recession in a non-molar tooth.

Effects of periodontal therapy on glycemic control and inflammatory markers.

Background: Periodontitis, a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), can induce or perpetuate systemic conditions. This double-masked, placebo-controlled study evaluated the effects of periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing [SRP]) on the serum levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and on inflammatory biomarkers.

Methods: Thirty subjects with type 2 DM and periodontitis were treated with SRP + placebo (SRP; N = 15) or with SRP + doxycycline (SRP+Doxy; N = 15), 100 mg/day, for 14 days.