Marine shrimps as biomonitors of the Fundão (Brazil) mine dam disaster: A multi-biomarker approach.

The disruption of the Fundão dam released 43 million m of mine tailings into the Doce River until it flowed into the ocean through the estuary. The mine tailing changed the composition of metals in water and sediment, creating a challenging scenario for the local biota. We used multivariate analyzes and the integrated biomarker response index (IBR) to assess the impact of mine tailings on the bioaccumulation profile (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) as well as the biomarkers response in gills, hepatopancreas and muscle of shrimps sampled from different sectors during two dry seasons (dry1 and dry2) (Sep/Oct 2018; 2019) and two wet seasons (wet1 and wet2) (Jan/feb 2019; 2020).

Antifouling biocide dichlofluanid modulates the antioxidant defense system of the brown mussel Perna perna.

Dichlofluanid is a fungicide employed as a booster biocide in antifouling paints, but information its toxicity to aquatic organisms is scarce. This study aims to evaluate biomarker responses in the mussel Perna perna exposed to dichlofluanid. Mussels were exposed to 0 (control), 0.

Single and repeated low-dose UVB radiation exposures affect the visual system.

The visual system is an important biological indicator of effects induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, research has extensively investigated the effects of high-dose UV radiation in a single exposure, thus, the differential of this work was to investigate the effects of UVB radiation in low doses in single and repeated exposure. Therefore, we investigated the effects of repeated exposure to environmental UVB doses (0.

Oxidative stress: Noradrenaline as an integrator of responses in the neuroendocrine and immune systems of the ascidian Phallusia nigra.

Neurotransmitters play key roles in regulating the homeostasis of organisms in stressful environments. Noradrenaline (NA) is the main neurotransmitter known to modulate immunological parameters, and is important in the crosstalk between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. In this study, using the ascidian Phallusia nigra, we analyzed the level of catecholamines (CA) in the plasma after mechanical stress, and the effect of NA on the oxidative stress (OS) displayed by immune cells.

Commentary: Ultraviolet radiation triggers "preparation for oxidative stress" antioxidant response in animals: Similarities and interplay with other stressors.

Preparation for oxidative stress (POS), i.e., the upregulation of endogenous antioxidants, is a widespread response of animals exposed to extreme conditions.

Nanoencapsulated Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil exerts anesthetic effects in the brachyuran crab using Neohelice granulate.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of several anesthetics in the brachyuran crab Neohelice granulata, an emergent experimental model. The essential oils (EOs) of Lippia alba, Aloysia tryphilla, and Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil; TTO), the isolated compounds eugenol, menthol, terpinen-4-ol, and the nanoencapsulated form of TTO, were administered in one or more of the following ways: added to the water (immersion), through an arthrodial membrane (injected), or by oral gavage. Unexpectedly, most EOs did not produce an anesthetic effect after immersion.

Induction of oxidative stress by chlorothalonil in the estuarine polychaete Laeonereis acuta.

Chlorothalonil is an active biocide applied in antifouling paints, and also used as fungicide in agricultural activities with the purpose to protect plants from foliar and seed diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chlorothalonil exposure on biochemical biomarkers of oxidative metabolism as well as on cholinesterases in the estuarine polychaete Laeonereis acuta. Animals were exposed for 24 and 96 h to the following nominal concentrations of chlorothalonil: 0.

Effects of the herbicide Roundup on the polychaeta Laeonereis acuta: Cholinesterases and oxidative stress.

Glyphosate based herbicides, including Roundup, are widely employed in agriculture and urban spaces. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicological effects of Roundup on the estuarine polychaeta Laeonereis acuta. Biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as acetylcholinesterase and propionilcholinesterase activities were analyzed.

Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on the antioxidant defense system of the locomotor muscle of the crab Neohelice granulata (Decapoda, Varunidae).

Crustaceans often occur in areas with variations in oxygen and experience situations known as hypoxia and reoxygenation. Consequences of such situations are increased levels of reactive oxygen species. To avoid oxidative damage intertidal crabs appear to possess an efficient antioxidant defense system (ADS).

Air exposure behavior of the semiterrestrial crab Neohelice granulata allows tolerance to severe hypoxia but not prevent oxidative damage due to hypoxia-reoxygenation cycle.

The air exposure behavior of the semi-terrestrial crab Neohelice granulata during severe hypoxia was studied. This study also verified whether this behavior mitigates possible oxidative damage, namely lipoperoxidation, caused by hypoxia and reoxygenation cycles. The lethal time for 50% of the crabs subjected to severe hypoxia (0.

Antioxidant activity stimulated by ultraviolet radiation in the nervous system of a crustacean.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can produce biological damage, principally oxidative stress, by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study evaluated biochemical impairments related to the oxidative stress induced by UVA, UVB and UVA+UVB (solar simulator-SIM) in environmental doses, during five consecutive days of exposure, in the brain and eyestalk of the crab Ucides cordatus. We evaluated these regions by sampling on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days of UV exposure for lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant capacity against the peroxyl radical (ACAP), and the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST).

Melatonin as a signaling molecule for metabolism regulation in response to hypoxia in the crab Neohelice granulata.

Melatonin has been identified in a variety of crustacean species, but its function is not as well understood as in vertebrates. The present study investigates whether melatonin has an effect on crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) gene expression, oxygen consumption (VO2) and circulating glucose and lactate levels, in response to different dissolved-oxygen concentrations, in the crab Neohelice granulata, as well as whether these possible effects are eyestalk- or receptor-dependent. Melatonin decreased CHH expression in crabs exposed for 45 min to 6 (2, 200 or 20,000 pmol·crab-1) or 2 mgO2·L-1 (200 pmol·crab-1).

Damage caused during hypoxia and reoxygenation in the locomotor muscle of the crab Neohelice granulata (Decapoda: Varunidae).

The aim of this work was to determine whether different durations of severe hypoxia (0.5 mg O2 L(-1)) followed by reoxygenation cause damage to the locomotor muscle of the crab Neohelice granulata. We evaluated reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), mitochondrial membrane potential, and aerobic fiber area of the locomotor muscle after different periods of hypoxia (1, 4, or 10h) followed by 30 or 120 min of reoxygenation.

The effects of UV radiation on the visual system of the crab Neohelice granulata: a protective role of melatonin.

The first and main target-structure of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in animals is the body surface, including the skin and eyes. Here, we investigated cell damage in the visual system of the crab Neohelice granulata acclimated to constant light and exposed to UVA or UVB at 12:00 h for 30 min. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), lipid peroxidation (LPO) damage, catalase (CAT) activity, and the melatonin immunohistochemical reactivity in the eyestalks were evaluated.

Antioxidant defense system rhythms in crustaceans and possible roles for melatonin.

Animals in their habitats are subject to many cyclical patterns for different environmental parameters, resulting in selective pressure to develop biological rhythms for metabolism. To avoid oxidative stress, a rhythmic variation in the antioxidant defense system (ADS) should be associated with aerobic metabolic rhythms. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest findings on rhythmic variations of the ADS in different tissues of crustaceans, as well as possible mechanisms for their regulation.

Effect of melatonin in the antioxidant defense system in the locomotor muscles of the estuarine crab Neohelice granulata (Decapoda, Brachyura).

In vertebrates, many studies verified different effects of melatonin in the antioxidant defense system (ADS). In crustaceans, few studies have been conducted to verify this possibility. We verified the melatonin effects in the crab Neohelice granulata using low (0.

Effects of melatonin in connection with the antioxidant defense system in the gills of the estuarine crab Neohelice granulata.

Numerous studies have shown that melatonin exerts some influence on the antioxidant defense system (ADS) in vertebrates, but for crustaceans no such effect has been demonstrated till now. However, earlier reports did show a similar profile of daily variations in the ADS of the gills and the melatonin content of the eyestalk in the crab Neohelice granulata and, thus, the aim of this study was to take a closer look at the effects of melatonin in the gill ADS of N. granulata.

Participation of nitric oxide in the color change induced by UV radiation in the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus.

The ability of UV radiation to stimulate color change in vertebrates is well known; however, the signaling pathway involved is not fully explained. Since nitric oxide (NO) is among the candidates for this role, in this study the participation of NO signaling in the pigment migration induced by UV radiation in melanophores of the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus was investigated. When the NO donor, SIN-1, was incubated with pieces of epidermis, there was an induction of a dose-dependent pigment dispersion (in vitro assays).

Daily variation of melatonin content in the optic lobes of the crab Neohelice granulata.

Melatonin is a biogenic amine, known from almost all phyla of living organisms. In vertebrates melatonin is produced rhythmically in the pinealocytes of the pineal gland, relaying information of the environmental light/dark cycle to the organism. With regard to crustaceans only a handful of studies exist that has attempted to identify the presence and possible daily variation of this substance.