Formation of a low-mass galaxy from star clusters in a 600-million-year-old Universe.

The most distant galaxies detected were seen when the Universe was a scant 5% of its current age. At these times, progenitors of galaxies such as the Milky Way were about 10,000 times less massive. Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) combined with magnification from gravitational lensing, these low-mass galaxies can not only be detected but also be studied in detail.

A prospective pilot study of gut microbiome in cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

A recent systematic review indicated that gut-microbiota-brain axis contributes to growth and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. However, gaps were detected in the role of intestinal microbiome in cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This is the first pilot study aiming to test study feasibility and identify differences in gut microbiota between subjects with and without CVS following aSAH.

Anti-Phosphatidylethanolamine and Anti-Phosphatidylserine Antibodies-Association with Renal Involvement, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Manifestations, Raynaud Phenomenon and Disease Activity in Polish Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective: To evaluate the association between anti-phosphatidylethanolamine (aPE) and anti-phosphatidylserine (aPS) antibodies and cardiovascular risk, organ involvement and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Methods: We studied 93 SLE patients and 30 controls. We analyzed levels of anti-phospholipid antibodies, including aPS and aPE, the profiles of antinuclear, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic (ANCA) and anti-endothelial antibodies, carotid intima-media thickness (cITM) and atherosclerotic plaque presence, ankle-brachial and high resistance indices, atherosclerotic risk factors, organ manifestations and treatment.

Evolution of Hypodensity on Non-Contrast CT in Correlation with Collaterals in Anterior Circulation Stroke with Successful Endovascular Reperfusion.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of collaterals on the evolution of hypodensity on non-contrast CT (NCCT) in anterior circulation stroke with reperfusion by mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods: We retrospectively included stroke patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion who were reperfused by MT in early and late time window. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based software was used to calculate of hypodensity volumes at baseline NCCT (V1) and at follow-up NCCT 24 h after MT (V2), along with the difference between the two volumes (V2-V1) and the follow-up (V2)/baseline (V1) volume ratio (V2/V1).

The Role of Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy and Stereotactic Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Carcinoid Tumors and Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer of the Lung.

The occurrence of neuroendocrine tumors among the diagnosed neoplasms is extremely rare and is associated with difficulties in undertaking effective therapy due to the histopathological differentiation of individual subtypes and the scarce clinical data and recommendations found in the literature. The choice of treatment largely depends not only on its type, but also on the location and production of excess hormones by the tumor itself. Common therapeutic approaches include surgical removal of the tumor, the use of chemotherapy, targeted drug therapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and the use of radiation therapy.

Implementation of Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) and Computed Tomography Perfusion (CTP) in Polish Guidelines for Determination of Cerebral Circulatory Arrest (CCA) during Brain Death/Death by Neurological Criteria (BD/DNC) Diagnosis Procedure.

Background: Brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) guidelines are routinely analyzed, compared and updated in the majority of countries and are later implemented as national criteria. At the same time, extensive works have been conducted in order to unify clinical procedures and to validate and implement new technologies into a panel of ancillary tests. Recently evaluated computed tomography angiography and computed tomography perfusion (CTA/CTP) seem to be superior to traditionally used digital subtraction angiography (DSA), transcranial Doppler (TCD) and cerebral perfusion scintigraphy for diagnosis of cerebral circulatory arrest (CCA).

Atypical Pupil Reactions in Brain Dead Patients.

Background: During routine diagnosis of brain death, changes in pupil diameter in response to the stimulation of peripheral nerves are sometimes observed. For example, pupillary dilation after diagnosed brain death is described in the literature as the ciliospinal reflex. However, pupil constriction creates diagnostic doubts.

Arterial spin labeling in neonatal magnetic resonance imaging - first experience and new observations.

Purpose: Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive non-contrast technique of perfusion imaging that uses endogenous water from the blood as the perfusion tracer, with very scant data on its use in neonates. The authors present the added value of ASL in the examined babies in their own material and discuss it in the light of the existing literature.

Material And Methods: During the first 10 months after the purchase of a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, 123 neonates were examined using it in an MR-compatible incubator, 117 of them had brain MRI, and in 104 ASL was incorporated in the routine protocol, which resulted in prolongation of the study time by approximately 4 minutes.

Invitation to participate in a multi-center study for validation of cerebral computed tomography angiography and computed tomography perfusion in the determination of cerebral circulatory arrest during brain death/death by neurological criteria diagnosis procedure in paediatric population below 12 years of age.

We would like to invite paediatric intensive care units (PICU) to join our multi-center trial concerning patient population < 12 y/o and aiming at: • validation of computed tomography angiography (CTA)/computed tomography perfusion (CTP) tests for brain death/death by neurological criteria (BD/DNC) diagnosis procedures, • validation of duplex Doppler insonation of extracranial segments of the internal cerebral arteries and the vertebral arteries for choosing an optimal time for CTA/CTP testing.

Significance of aneurysm wall enhancement on high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging in clinical management of patients with intracranial aneurysms.

Introduction: The prevalence of intracranial aneurysms is estimated to be around 3% in the general population. Although these are often incidental findings, they potentially carry the risk of rupture, with all of the devastating consequences of SAH.

State Of The Art: Several risk factors of aneurysm rupture have been identified, including aneurysm size, irregular shape, and location.

CIMT does not identify early vascular changes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors.

Background: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease development. It is believed that in the general population, this risk can be predicted with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurement.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess CIMT and to investigate the effects of blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile values on CIMT in childhood ALL survivors.

Diagnostic value of non-enhanced computed tomography in identifying location of ruptured cerebral aneurysm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Background: In patients with SAH and multiple aneurysms, the ruptured lesion must be identified to prevent recurrent bleeding.

Aim Of The Study: To assess the diagnostic value of non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) in identifying the rupture site in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and multiple aneurysms.

Material And Methods: We included patients with SAH revealed by NECT and multiple aneurysms detected on computed tomography angiography (CTA) in whom a ruptured aneurysm was identified during neurosurgery.

Analysis of dose distribution between contemporary and standard planning in high-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy based on three-dimensional imaging.

Purpose: The treatment planning (TP) in high-dose-rate (HDR) endobronchial brachytherapy (EB) can be based on various forms of imaging. In the case of lung cancer, one-dimensional or two-dimensional imaging is standard. The dose coverage of the target (planning target volume - PTV) and organs at risk (OAR) is unknown, because the doses are calculated on the basis of the dose points.

Comparison of Two Apnea Test Methods, Oxygen Insufflation and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure During Diagnosis of Brain Death: Final Report.

Introduction: Deterioration of the pulmonary function after the apnea test (AT) conducted with the classic oxygen insufflation AT (I-AT) is often observed during the brain death (BD) diagnosis procedure. In the present study, two AT methods were compared before a method is recommended for the currently revised Polish BD criteria.

Methods: Classic I-AT and continuous positive airway pressure AT (CPAP-AT) were performed in 60 intensive care unit patients.

Accuracy of Computed Tomographic Perfusion in Diagnosis of Brain Death: A Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND This study was designed to determine diagnostic accuracy of computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) compared to computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for the diagnosis of brain death (BD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Whole-brain CTP was performed in patients diagnosed with BD and in patients with devastating brain injury with preserved brainstem reflexes. CTA was derived from CTP datasets.

Serum Interleukin-23 in Polish Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Association with Lupus Nephritis, Obesity, and Peripheral Vascular Disease.

Objectives: To analyze the correlation between the serum concentration of interleukin- (IL-) 23 and atherosclerotic changes, traditional atherosclerotic risk factors, the autoantibody profile, and involvement of selected organs in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Patients And Methods: We studied 94 SLE patients and 27 controls. We analyzed the IL-23 serum concentration, autoantibodies, carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaque, the ankle-brachial index, atherosclerotic risk factors, and organ manifestations.

Apnea testing using the oxygen insufflation method for diagnosis of brain death may compromise pulmonary function.

Introduction: The aim of our study was to compare the reliability and safety of the classical I-AT with the continuous positive airway pressure apnea test (CPAP-AT).

Material And Methods: In the group of 48 patients (group O), an I-AT was performed at the end of BD diagnostic procedures, and approximately 1-1.5h later CPAP-AT with 100% FiO and CPAP of 10cm HO, provided by ventilator in CPAP mode.

Early outcomes and periprocedural complications of transarterial embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations with Onyx.

Background: Brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) is a rare pathology diagnosed mostly in young adults. However, due to its hemorrhagic complications, it constitutes an important clinical problem. Treatment modalities available include endovascular, surgery and radiosurgery.

Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding from a Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm Caused by a Penetrating Gastric Ulcer: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background: Splenic artery aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm are rare pathologies. True aneurysms are usually asymptomatic. Aneurysm rupture occurring in 2-3% of cases results in bleeding into the lesser sack, peritoneal space or adjacent organs typically presenting as abdominal pain and hemodynamic instability.

Original Protocol Using Computed Tomographic Angiography for Diagnosis of Brain Death: A Better Alternative to Standard Two-Phase Technique?

BACKGROUND The application of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for the diagnosis of brain death (BD) is limited because of the low sensitivity of the commonly used two-phase method consisting of assessing arterial and venous opacification at the 60th second after contrast injection. The hypothesis was that a reduction in the scanning delay might increase the sensitivity of the test. Therefore, an original technique using CTA was introduced and compared with catheter angiography as a reference.

Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma from the uterine leiomyoma: a case report.

Background: Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare condition described as multiple well-differentiated leiomyomas at sites distant from the uterus. Apart from lungs it has also been reported in lymph nodes, heart, brain, bone, skin, eye and spinal cord. We present a case of pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma in a female patient admitted to our hospital with suspicion of left adnexal tumor.

CT Angiography in the Diagnosis of Brain Death.

Summary Brain death is defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the entire brain, including the brainstem. Brain death is principally established using clinical criteria including coma, absence of brainstem reflexes and loss of central drive to breathe assessed with apnea test. In situations in which clinical testing cannot be performed or when uncertainty exists about the reliability of its parts due to confounding conditions ancillary tests (i.

The evaluation of treatment plans in high-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy by utilizing 2D and 3D computed tomography imaging methods.

Purpose: To present comparison of treatment plans made by using 2D and 3D methods in the planning system, as well as to assess the quality of treatment plans using the 2D and 3D methods.

Material And Methods: The studies involved a group of 31 patients with advanced lung cancer treated in the Brachytherapy Department of the Subcarpathian Cancer Center in Brzozów from 2011 to 2013. In total, 31 patients and 76 treatment plans were analyzed.

Computed tomographic angiography criteria in the diagnosis of brain death-comparison of sensitivity and interobserver reliability of different evaluation scales.

Introduction: The standardized diagnostic criteria for computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in diagnosis of brain death (BD) are not yet established. The aim of the study was to compare the sensitivity and interobserver agreement of the three previously used scales of CTA for the diagnosis of BD.

Methods: Eighty-two clinically brain-dead patients underwent CTA with a delay of 40 s after contrast injection.