Effects of the Mixing Process on the Rheological Properties of Waste PET-Modified Bitumen.

This paper analyses the key findings of a study devoted to PET-modified bitumen. The research program was run according to the D-optimal experimental plan based on a factorial design. Five factors, i.

Conformation-aggregation interplay in the simplest aliphatic ethers probed under high pressure.

The structures of the simplest symmetric primary ethers [(CH)O, n = 1-3] determined under high pressure revealed their conformational preferences and intermolecular interactions. In three new polymorphs of diethyl ether (CH)O, high pressure promotes intermolecular CH..

Effect of Zirconium Diboride and Titanium Diboride on the Structure and Properties of 316L Steel-Based Composites.

The effect of zirconium diboride (ZrB) and titanium diboride (TiB) on the microstructure as well as the physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of composites based on 316 L steel is presented. Each reinforcing phase was added to the base alloy in the amount of 5 wt% and 10 wt%. The composites were fabricated by the SPS process (Spark Plasma Sintering).

Stochastic hydration of a high-nitro-gen-content molecular compound recrystallized under pressure.

Partial hydration of organic compounds can be achieved by high-pressure crystallization. This has been demonstrated for the high-nitro-gen-content compound 6-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-]pyridazine (CHNCl), which becomes partly hydrated by isochoric crystallizations below 0.15 GPa.

Thermal Analysis-Based Field Validation of the Deformation of a Recycled Base Course Made with Innovative Road Binder.

The deformation of the cold recycled mixture with foamed bitumen in a recycled base with an innovative three-component road binder and foamed bitumen is analysed. Numerical simulation results for the pavement constructed, based on laboratory test results, were verified against the data from the monitoring system installed on the road trial section. In addition, environmental effects, such as air temperature and humidity levels in the pavement structure layers, were considered.

Fabrication of the Zirconium Diboride-Reinforced Composites by a Combination of Planetary Ball Milling, Turbula Mixing and Spark Plasma Sintering.

The aim of this study was to carry out the consolidation of zirconium diboride-reinforced composites using the SPS technique. The effect of the adopted method of powder mixture preparation (mixing in Turbula or milling in a planetary mill) and of the reinforcing phase content and sintering temperature on the microstructure, physical properties, strength and tribological properties of sintered composites was investigated. Experimental data showed that the maximum relative density of 94%-98% was obtained for the composites sintered at 1100 °C.

Microstructure and Properties of TiB Composites Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering with the Addition of TiSi.

Titanium diboride (TiB) is a hard, refractory material, attractive for a number of applications, including wear-resistant machine parts and tools, but it is difficult to densify. The spark plasma sintering (SPS) method allows producing TiB-based composites of high density with different sintering aids, among them titanium silicides. In this paper, TiSi is used as a sintering aid for the sintering of TiB/10 wt % TiSi and TiB/20 wt % TiSi composites at 1600 °C and 1700 °C for 10 min.

The Pressure Compaction of Zr-Nb Powder Mixtures and Selected Properties of Sintered and KOBO-Extruded Zr-xNb Materials.

Materials were obtained from commercial zirconium powders. 1 mass%, 2.5 mass% and 16 mass% of niobium powders were used as the reinforcing phase.

The Extrusion and SPS of Zirconium-Copper Powders and Studies of Selected Mechanical Properties.

Zr-2.5Cu and Zr-10Cu powder mixtures were consolidated in the extrusion process and using the spark plasma sintering technique. In these studies, material tests were carried out in the fields of phase composition, microstructure, hardness and tensile strength for Zr-Cu materials at room temperature (RT) and 400 °C.

A Novel Approach by Spark Plasma Sintering to the Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Titanium Carbonitride-Reinforced Alumina Ceramics.

Ti(C,N)-reinforced alumina-zirconia composites with different ratios of C to N in titanium carbonitride solid solutions, such as Ti(C,N) (C:N = 30:70) and Ti(C,N) (C:N = 50:50), were tested to improve their mechanical properties. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) with temperatures ranging from 1600 °C to 1675 °C and pressureless sintering (PS) with a higher temperature of 1720 °C were used to compare results. The following mechanical and physical properties were determined: Vickers hardness, Young's modulus, apparent density, wear resistance, and fracture toughness.

Crystal design by CH...N and N...N interactions: high-pressure structures of high-nitrogen-content azido-triazolopyridazines compounds.

High-nitrogen-content compounds 6-azido-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine (CHN) and its 3-methyl derivative (CHN) have been in situ crystallized in a diamond-anvil cell and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Under ambient and high-pressure conditions the crystallizations yield the same phases: the CHN anhydrate and CHN hydrated clathrate. In both the structures there are clearly distinguished regions of short CH.

Vitrification and New Phases in the Water:Pyrimidine Binary Eutectic System.

The binary diagram for pyrimidine:water mixtures has been determined by differential scanning calorimetry, in situ single-crystal, and powder X-ray diffraction experiments. The eutectic point has been located near the 1:4 n/n ratio at 234.5 K.

Pressure-induced collapse of guanidinium nitrate N-H···O bonded honeycomb layers into a 3-D pattern with varied H-acceptor capacity.

Highly favoured N-H···O bonded honeycomb layers in guanidinium nitrate, C(NH(2))(3)(+)NO(3)(-), have been destabilized by a pressure of 0.6 GPa, and the novel motif of 3-dimensional N-H···O bonded aggregation in high-pressure phase IV determined for in situ grown single-crystal by X-ray diffraction. The mechanism of the transition involves the collapse of voids present in phases I, II and III.

Molecular symmetry and isostructural relations in crystal phases of trihalomethanes CHCl3, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl, and CHBr3.

Bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl(2)), dibromochloromethane (CHBr(2)Cl), and their parent trihalomethanes, chloroform (CHCl(3)) and bromoform (CHBr(3)), form an intriguing series of isostructural crystal phases, the sequence of which depends on the Br/Cl substitution and thermodynamic conditions. The phase behavior of these compounds has been studied by isobaric calorimetry and isothermal compression, and the crystal structure of CHBrCl(2) has been determined at 0.10 MPa/200 K, 0.

Energetics of conformational conversion between 1,1,2-trichloroethane polymorphs.

Pressure-induced transformations between gauche-, gauche+ and transoid conformations have been evidenced by X-ray single-crystal diffraction for 1,1,2-trichloroethane, and the energies of intermolecular interactions, conformational conversion, and the latent heat have been determined.

Competing patterns of weak directional forces in pressure-frozen CH2ClI and CH2I2.

Isostructural relations and phase transitions of dihalomethanes have been rationalized by the competing patterns of CH...

1,1-Dichloroethane: a molecular crystal structure without van der Waals contacts?

Isochoric and isobaric freezing of 1,1-dichloroethane, CH3CHCl2, mp=176.19 K, yielded the orthorhombic structure, space group Pnma, with the fully ordered molecules, in the staggered conformation, located on mirror planes. The CH3CHCl2 ambient-pressure (0.

Isobaric and isochoric freezing of CH2BrCl and isostructural relations between CH2Cl2, CH2Br2 and CH2BrCl.

Bromochloromethane, CH(2)BrCl, has been temperature-frozen and in situ pressure-frozen and the structure determined by X-ray diffraction at low temperatures of 170 and 100 K at ambient pressure (0.10 MPa), and at high pressures of 1.04 and 1.

Pitfalls of data mining: triclinic polymorph of 2,2-aziridinedicarboxamide revisited.

Several procedures have been employed for validating structural models refined on poor quality single-crystal diffraction data. Analysis of intra- and intermolecular distances in the structures of 2,2-aziridinedicarboxamide polymorphs proved to be a robust means, and a means independent of the chosen unit cell and symmetry, of detecting several incorrect atom-type assignments in the reported structure of the triclinic polymorph of 2,2-aziridinedicarboxamide [Brückner (1982). Acta Cryst.

Molecular interactions in crystalline dibromomethane and diiodomethane, and the stabilities of their high-pressure and low-temperature phases.

Dibromomethane, CH2Br2, and diiodomethane, CH2I2, have been in situ pressure-crystallized in a diamond-anvil cell and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 0.61 and 0.16 GPa, respectively.

Pressure-frozen 1,2,3-trichloropropane.

The structure of 1,2,3-trichloropropane, ClCH2CHClCH2Cl, in-situ crystallized in a diamond-anvil cell, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 0.28 and 0.35 GPa.