Pleurotus spp.-an effective way in degradation mycotoxins? A comprehensive review.

Mycotoxins-secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungal species-occur as a global problem in agriculture due to the reduction in crop quality and the negative effects on human and animal health. There is a need to develop environment-friendly methods of detoxification. In recent years, a number of biological methods for the removal/degradation of mycotoxins have been described.

Exploring the Presence of Cannabinoids in Hemp-Infused Fermented Milk Drinks: An Analysis of Pre- and Post-Fermentation Levels.

Yoghurts are the most popular fermented dairy products. Consumer attention is directed towards products containing inputs that enrich the product with bioactive substances. The growing interest in the L.

Exploring the ancient roots and modern global brews of tea and herbal beverages: A comprehensive review of origins, types, health benefits, market dynamics, and future trends.

Tea, a culturally significant beverage, originated around 2700 B.C. in ancient Chinese civilization, with a profound understanding of its therapeutic properties.

Inhibitory Effect of Extracts on the and Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis.

Fungal infections are among the most common diseases of crop plants. Various species of the spp. are naturally prevalent and globally cause the qualitative and quantitative losses of farming commodities, mainly cereals, fruits, and vegetables.

Determination of Opium Alkaloid Content in Poppy Seeds Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with a Mass Spectrometer with a Time-of-Flight Analyzer (UPLC-TOF-HRMS).

Opium poppy is a plant used in both the pharmaceutical and food industries. Substances found on the surface of dry poppy seeds belong to the group of opium alkaloids. However, the presence of these substances in food products poses a risk to consumer health, which is why new permissible levels for both substances in poppy seeds and derivative products have been introduced in Regulation (EU) 2023/915.

Antagonistic properties against Fusarium sporotrichioides and glycosylation of HT-2 and T-2 toxins by selected Trichoderma strains.

The present study assessed the ability of Trichoderma to combat F. sporotrichioides, focusing on their antagonistic properties. Tests showed that Trichoderma effectively inhibited F.

Adsorption of Zearalenone by Autolyzed Biomass Preparation and Its Detoxification Properties in Cultures of Yeast.

Different preventive strategies are needed to minimize the intake risks of mycotoxins, including zearalenone (ZEN). The aim of this study was to determine the ZEN adsorption ability of an autolyzed biomass preparation of polymorphic yeast A.p.

Co-occurrence of T-2 and HT-2 Mycotoxins and α and β Anomers of Their Glucosides in Wheat and Oat Grains.

The aim of this study was to simultaneously determine T-2 and HT-2 toxins and the α and β anomers of their glucosides to assess their content in wheat and oat grains harvested in Poland (2020-2022). Of 298 wheat samples, only 14 (5%) contained the sum of the T-2 and HT-2 toxins (average 34.2 μg/kg; 10.

The Development, Validation, and Application of a UHPLC-HESI-MS Method for the Determination of 17 Cannabinoids in L. Plant Material.

Cannabinoids are an important group of secondary metabolites found in the plant L. The growing interest in the use of hemp in food production (e.g.

Low Molecular Weight and High Deacetylation Degree Chitosan Batch Alleviates Pathogenesis, Toxin Accumulation, and Gene Regulation in Barley Leaf Pathosystem.

is a cosmopolitan fungal pathogen that destroys cereal production, in terms of loss of yield and grain contamination with mycotoxins, worldwide. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer abundant in the environment with proven antifungal properties that also acts as a plant immunity elicitor. Despite a number of articles, there is a lack of systematic comparison of antifungal activity of diverse batches of chitosan.

Recent advances and opportunities related to the use of bee products in food processing.

Nowadays, natural foods that can provide positive health effects are gaining more and more popularity. Bees and the products they produce are our common natural heritage that should be developed. In the article, we presented the characteristics of bee products and their use in industry.

Toxico-pathological effects of ochratoxin A and its diastereoisomer under in ovo conditions and in vitro evaluation of the toxicity of these toxins against the embryo Gallus gallus fibroblast cell line.

Herein, we conducted a comparative study on the embryotoxicity of ochratoxin A (OTA) and its diastereomer 2'R-ochratoxin A (2'R-OTA) under in ovo conditions, as well as assess the in vitro embryotoxicity of these substances together with ochratoxin B and α-ochratoxin, using chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryo cell lines. In ovo tests involved egg incubation of 8 different groups (i.e.

versus -Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis.

This study evaluated the ability of selected strains of , . , and . to inhibit mycelium growth and the biosynthesis of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEN), α-(α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) by selected strains of and .

Recent Research on Mycotoxins in Maize-A Review.

Maize ( L.) is one of the most susceptible crops to pathogenic fungal infections, and in particular to the species. Secondary metabolites of spp.

Variation in Tocochromanols Level and Mycotoxins Content in Sweet Maize Cultivars after Inoculation with and .

A major problem in maize production is the contamination of the grain with spp., mainly and and their secondary metabolites-mycotoxins. Under biotic stress conditions, caused by a fungal pathogen, plants initiate a series of defense mechanisms that may cause quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of phenolic compounds.

Delving the Role of : An Edible Wild Plant to Mitigate the Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MS), commonly known as syndrome X or insulin resistance syndrome, is a collection of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. MS is believed to impact over a billion individuals worldwide. It is a medical condition defined by visceral obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and abnormal cholesterol levels, according to the World Health Organization.

In Vitro Effects of Lemon Balm Extracts in Reducing the Growth and Mycotoxins Biosynthesis of and .

The objectives of this research were to obtain the extracts of lemon balm () using supercritical CO (SC-CO) and methanol as co-solvent and evaluate the antifungal activity of those extracts against two selected strains of species ( and ). The extraction conditions were set at 40 and 60 °C and 250 bar. The obtained extracts were characterized in terms of antifungal activity on potato dextrose agar media (PDA).

Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Food Preservation and Safety.

Fermentation of various food stuffs by lactic acid bacteria is one of the oldest forms of food biopreservation. Bacterial antagonism has been recognized for over a century, but in recent years, this phenomenon has received more scientific attention, particularly in the use of various strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Certain strains of LAB demonstrated antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, including bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi.

Uncovering the Industrial Potentials of Lemongrass Essential Oil as a Food Preservative: A Review.

The food industry is growing vastly, with an increasing number of food products and the demand of consumers to have safe and pathogen-free food with an extended shelf life for consumption. It is critical to have food safe from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and unpleasant odors or tastes so that the food may not cause any health risks to consumers. Currently, the direction of food industry has been shifting from synthetically produced preservatives to natural preservatives to lower the unnecessary chemical burden on health.

Dynamics of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol Glucosylation in Wheat Cultivars Infected with in Field Conditions─A 3 Year Study (2018-2020).

head blight (FHB) caused by pathogenic species of fungi is one of the most important diseases of cereal plants and a factor contributing to losses in plant production. The growth of FHB-associated species is often accompanied by biosynthesis of secondary metabolites─mycotoxins, which serve as a virulence factor. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ratios between deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) and their derivatives in the ears of six cultivars of winter wheat with varying resistance to FHB, taking into account a range of factors (weather conditions, location, cultivar, and year) after inoculation with , during a 3 year field experiment, 2018-2020.

Ochratoxin A and 2'-Ochratoxin A in Selected Foodstuffs and Dietary Risk Assessment.

The aim of this study was to estimate the contamination of grain coffee, roasted coffee, instant coffee, and cocoa purchased in local markets with ochratoxin A (OTA) and its isomerization product 2'-ochratoxin A (2'-OTA), and to assess risk of dietary exposure to the mycotoxins. OTA and 2'-OTA content was determined using the HPLC chromatography with immunoaffinity columns dedicated to OTA. OTA levels found in all the tested samples were below the maximum limits specified in the European Commission Regulation EC 1881/2006.

Transformation of Selected Toxins and Their Masked Forms during Malting of Various Cultivars of Wheat.

This study investigated the impact of malting of six wheat cultivars inoculated with on the dynamics of content changes of selected toxins. The grains of all the tested cultivars showed a high content of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and their derivatives, whereas nivalenol (NIV) and its glucoside were found only in the Legenda cultivar. Our experiments confirmed that the malting process of wheat grain enables the secondary growth of , and mycotoxin biosynthesis.

Updated Review of the Toxicity of Selected Toxins and Their Modified Forms.

Mycotoxins are one of the most dangerous food and feed contaminants, hence they have significant influence on human and animal health. This study reviews the information reported over the last few years on the toxic effects of the most relevant and studied  toxins and their modified forms. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its metabolites can induce intracellular oxidative stress, resulting in DNA damage.

Changes in the microbiological quality and content of biogenic amines in chicken fillets packed using various techniques and stored under different conditions.

The aim of this study was to determine the biogenic amines (BAs) formed in chicken breast meat packaged using different techniques (AP, Hi-O-MAP or VP) during the storage under different conditions (cold room or display case), to correlate the microbiological quality (TPC, LAB, Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae) of chicken meat with BAs formation and to assess the suitability of selected biogenic amines as indicators of chicken meat spoilage. The initial TPC of chicken fillets was 2.

Cannabinoids-Characteristics and Potential for Use in Food Production.

Scientific demonstrations of the beneficial effects of non-psychoactive cannabinoids on the human body have increased the interest in foods containing hemp components. This review systematizes the latest discoveries relating to the characteristics of cannabinoids from L. var.