Review of surgical methods for stabilizing the lumbosacral spine in dogs with chronic L7-S1 instability.

Chronic instability at the lumbosacral junction, particularly between the L7 vertebra and the sacral bone, presents significant challenges in veterinary orthopedics, especially for large breed dogs. This condition frequently results in severe pain, neurological deficits, and mobility impairments, prompting the development of various surgical techniques aimed at effectively stabilizing the affected area. A critical evaluation of the literature on surgical stabilization of the lumbosacral spine in dogs reveals the clinical applications, outcomes, and future directions in veterinary spinal surgery.

Analysis of Tribological and Cytotoxicity Assays of a Biocompatible Mg-Zn-Ca-Pr Alloy.

This work covers a Mg-Zn-Ca-Pr alloy fabricated by a novel method of mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Currently, magnesium alloys used as biomaterials are mostly commercial alloys without consideration of cytotoxicity from the perspective of biosafety. So far, the tribological and cytotoxic properties of Mg-Zn-Ca-Pr alloys have not been investigated.

Study of the Effect of Anodic Oxidation on the Corrosion Properties of the Ti6Al4V Implant Produced from SLM.

Additive technologies allowed for the development of medicine and implantology, enabling the production of personalized and highly porous implants. Although implants of this type are used clinically, they are usually only heat treated. Surface modification using electrochemical methods can significantly improve the biocompatibility of biomaterials used for implants, including printed ones.

A study on the physicochemical properties of surface modified Ti13Nb13Zr alloy for skeletal implants.

As it is widely stated in the literature, biofilms are responsible for most chronic infections, which have grown exponentially over the past three decades. The use of so-called alloys, as a new generation of materials, enables us to find the golden mean in the arena widely known as implantology. The use of the surface layer, using the chosen Atomic Layer Deposition method, is to be the basis for minimizing the risk of an organism reactions.

Modern methods of surface modification for new-generation titanium alloys.

The constantly growing need for the use of implants in osteotomy is mainly due to the aging population and the need for long-term use of this type of biomaterials. Improving implant materials requires the selection of appropriate functional properties. Currently used titanium (Ti) alloys, such as Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb, are being replaced by materials with better biocompatibility, such as vanadium (V) or niobium (Nb), allowing for creation of the so-called new generation alloys.

Physical Properties of Electropolished CoCrMo Alloy Coated with Biodegradable Polymeric Coatings Releasing Heparin after Prolonged Exposure to Artificial Urine.

In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of long-term exposure to artificial urine on the physical properties of CoCrMo alloy with biodegradable heparin-releasing polymeric coatings. Variants of polymer coatings of poly(L,L-lactide-ɛ-caprolactone) (P(L,L-L/CL)) and poly(D,L-lactide-ɛ-caprolactone) (P(D,L-L/CL)) constituting the base for heparin-releasing (HEP) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coatings were analyzed. The coatings were applied by the dip-coating method.

Effects of the sources of calcium and phosphorus on the structural and functional properties of ceramic coatings on titanium dental implants produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation.

Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is as a promising technique to modify metal surfaces by application of oxide ceramic coatings with appropriate physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Therefore, objective of this research was to find the simplest settings, yet able to produce relevant bioactive implant surfaces layers on Ti implants by means of PEO. We show that an electrolyte containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate as a source of P and either calcium hydroxide or calcium formate as a source of Ca in combination with a chelating agent, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), is suitable for PEO to deliver coatings with desired properties.

Selected Physicochemical Properties of Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) Coating on Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy Used for Blood Contacting Implants.

Despite high interest in the issues of hemocompatibility of titanium implants, particularly those made of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy, the applied methods of surface modification still do not always guarantee the physicochemical properties required for their safe operation. The factors that reduce the efficiency of the application of titanium alloys in the treatment of conditions of the cardiovascular system include blood coagulation and fibrous proliferation within the vessel's internal walls. They result from their surfaces' physicochemical properties not being fully adapted to the specifics of the circulatory system.

Impact of Surface Treatment on the Functional Properties Stainless Steel for Biomedical Applications.

The main goal of the carried out tests was to analyze the influence of the surface modification of a substrate by depositing composite ZnO layers by the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) method. The samples were subjected to preliminary surface modification consisting of being sandblasted and electropolished. A ZnO layer was applied to the prepared substrates by the ALD method.

Structure and Properties of ZnO Coatings Obtained by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Method on a Cr-Ni-Mo Steel Substrate Type.

This paper aimed to investigate the structure and physicochemical and tribological properties of ZnO coatings deposited by ALD on 316L stainless steel for biomedical applications. To obtain ZnO films, diethylzinc (DEZ) and water were used as ALD precursors. Zinc oxide layers were deposited at the same temperature of 200 °C using three types of ALD cycles: 500, 1000 and 1500.

Electrochemical and Biological Performance of Biodegradable Polymer Coatings on Ti6Al7Nb Alloy.

The inhibition of the corrosion of metal implants is still a challenge. This study aimed to increase the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al7Nb alloy implants through surface modification, including grinding, sandblasting, and anodic oxidation followed by the deposition of a polymer coating. The aim of the work was to determine the influence of biodegradable polymer coatings on the physico-chemical properties of a Ti6Al7Nb alloy used for short-term implants.

Biodegradable polymer coatings on Ti6Al7Nb alloy.

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of long term exposure to Ringer's solution of biodegradable polymer coatings containing an active substance on the Ti6Al7Nb alloy substrate on the physical and chemical properties of the coatings and the degradation process of the metal substrate. The studies used poly(L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) P(L/TMC), poly(L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate-glycolide) P(L/TMC/G) and poly(D,L-lactide-glycolide) (PLGA) coatings applied to the anodically oxidized Ti6Al7Nb alloy by means of dipping method (1, 2 and 3 dips). The polymer coatings contained ciprofloxacin.

Study of the Morphology and Properties of Biocompatible Ca-P Coatings on Mg Alloy.

Magnesium alloys are considered as potential biomaterials for use in orthopedic implantology. The main barrier to the use of Mg alloys in medicine is their overly fast and irregular degradation in body fluids. The use of protective calcium phosphate coatings to increase the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy (AM50 alloy: 4 wt.

Phase composition and morphology characteristics of ceria-stabilized zirconia powders obtained via sol-gel method with various pH conditions.

Purpose: High purity, fine crystalline, degradation-free at low temperature powders have attracted special interest in CAD/CAM prosthetic dentistry full ceramic restorations. This study reports the preparation and characterisation of zirconia-ceria (0.9 ZrO2 0.

Evaluation of physicochemical properties of surface modified Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb alloys used for orthopedic implants.

The paper presents the results of selected functional properties of TiO2 layers deposited by ALD method on the surface of Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb alloys intended for implants in bone surgery. TiO2 layer was applied at the constant temperature of the ALD process at T=200°C at a variable number of cycles, which resulted in a different layer thickness. Different process cycles of 500, 1250, and 2500 were analyzed.

Evaluation of physicochemical properties of SiO2-coated stainless steel after sterilization.

The study of most of the literature devoted to the use of coronary stents indicates that their efficiency is determined by the physicochemical properties of the implant surface. Therefore, the authors of this study suggested conditions for the formation of SiO2 layers obtained with the use of sol-gel methodology showing physicochemical properties adequate to the specific conditions of the cardio-vascular system. Previous experience of authors helped them much to optimize the coating of 316LVM steel surface with SiO2.

Comparative characteristics of endodontic drills.

The work concerns the analysis of influence of the wear process of endodontic instruments on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties of the materials from which they are made. A detailed study of the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in the environment simulating work of the tool was conducted. The research was done for the new Mtwo endodontic files and after six times of use.

Technological capabilities of surface layers formation on implant made of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy.

Purpose: The aim of the presented research was to find a combination of surface modification methods of implants made of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy, that lead to formation of effective barrier for metallic ions that may infiltrate into solution.

Methods: To this end, the following tests were carried out: roughness measurement, the voltamperometric tests (potentiodynamic and potentiostatic), and the ion infiltration test.

Results: The electropolishing process resulted in the lowering of surface roughness in comparison with mechanical treatment of the surface layer.

The effects of a SiO2 coating on the corrosion parameters cpTi and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy.

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the usefulness of the sol-gel method application, to modificate the surface of the Ti6Al7Nb alloy and the cpTi titanium (Grade 4) with SiO2 oxide, applied on the vascular implants to improve their hemocompatibility. Mechanical treatment was followed by film deposition on surface of the titanium samples. An appropriate selection of the process parameters was verified in the studies of corrosion, using potentiodynamic and impedance method.

Biomechanical analysis of limited-contact plate used for osteosynthesis.

This paper presents the results of numerical analysis aimed at determining the state of stresses and displacements of compression plate used in osteosynthesis of tibia, carried out by applying finite element method using the ANSYS program. The analysis took into account two variants of the osteosynthesis. Variant I included the osteosynthesis in which plate was attached directly to the bone, in variant II, the plate was moved away from the bones by about 5 mm.

Influence of surgical drills wear on thermal process generated in bones.

The influence of the wear rate of drills used in bone surgery on the temperature distribution in the femur models (Sawbones) is presented in the paper. Surgical drills of diameter d = 4.5 mm and diverse edge geometry (90° and 120°) were selected for the study.

Numerical and experimental analyses of drills used in osteosynthesis.

This paper presents the results of numerical analysis and experimental studies of the process of bone drilling using drills applied in osteosynthesis procedures. In the studies, two surgical drills with a diameter d = 4.5 mm and varying in drill point geometry 2κ were used.