Optimal Digital Implementation of Fractional-Order Models in a Microcontroller.

The growing number of operations in implementations of the non-local fractional differentiation operator is cumbersome for real applications with strict performance and memory storage requirements. This demands use of one of the available approximation methods. In this paper, the analysis of the classic integer- (IO) and fractional-order (FO) models of the brushless DC (BLDC) micromotor mounted on a steel rotating arms, and next, the discretization and efficient implementation of the models in a microcontroller (MCU) is performed.

Commensurate and Non-Commensurate Fractional-Order Discrete Models of an Electric Individual-Wheel Drive on an Autonomous Platform.

This paper presents integer and linear time-invariant fractional order (FO) models of a closed-loop electric individual-wheel drive implemented on an autonomous platform. Two discrete-time FO models are tested: non-commensurate and commensurate. A classical model described by the second-order linear difference equation is used as the reference.

Effect of zirconia surface treatment on its wettability by liquid ceramics.

Statement Of Problem: The wettability of the framework by liquid ceramics is important in ensuring a suitable bond between veneering ceramics and zirconia.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the dependence of the wetting angle on temperature to determine the transition temperature from nonwettable to wettable states and to calculate the values of the relative wetting forces of the milled surfaces.

Material And Methods: Fifty zirconia cylinders were divided into 5 groups (n=10) and subjected to the following treatments: milling, grinding, polishing, and airborne-particle abrasion with AlO or SiC.