Encapsulation of eucalyptus and Litsea cubeba essential oils using zein nanopolymer: Preparation, characterization, storage stability, and antifungal evaluation.

The encapsulation of essential oils (EOs) in protein-based biopolymeric matrices stabilized with surfactant ensures protection and physical stability of the EO against unfavorable environmental conditions. Accordingly, this study prepared zein nanoparticles loaded with eucalyptus essential oil (Z-EEO) and Litsea cubeba essential oil (Z-LEO), stable and with antifungal activity against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, responsible for substantial damage to bean crops. The nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation with the aid of ultrasound treatment and characterized.

Emerging roles of plant microRNAs during Colletotrichum spp. infection.

This review provides valuable insights into plant molecular regulatory mechanisms during fungus attacks, highlighting potential miRNA candidates for future disease management. Plant defense responses to biotic stress involve intricate regulatory mechanisms, including post-transcriptional regulation of genes mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). These small RNAs play a vital role in the plant's innate immune system, defending against viral, bacterial, and fungal attacks.

Antimicrobial Spectrum of Activity and Mechanism of Action of Linear Alpha-Helical Peptides Inspired by Shrimp Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factors.

Shrimp antilipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) form a multifunctional and diverse family of antimicrobial host defense peptides (AMPs) composed of seven members (groups A to G), which differ in terms of their primary structure and biochemical properties. They are amphipathic peptides with two conserved cysteine residues stabilizing a central β-hairpin that is understood to be the core region for their biological activities. In this study, we synthetized three linear (cysteine-free) peptides based on the amino acid sequence of the central β-hairpin of the newly identified shrimp () ALFs from groups E to G.

Defense responses induced by ulvan in wheat against powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici.

Ulvan is a water-soluble sulfated heteropolysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of the green seaweeds Ulva spp. This polysaccharide is known to induce resistance and protect plants against a broad range of plant pathogenic fungi, such as Blumeria graminis f. sp.

Reclassification of the Main Causal Agent of Glomerella Leaf Spot on Apple into in Southern Brazil and Uruguay.

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is one of the most important diseases of apple, affecting a wide range of economically important cultivars, particularly Golden Delicious and its descendants. Caused mainly by species of the species complex (CGSC), has been described as the most prevalent and aggressive species associated with GLS and apple bitter rot (ABR) in Brazil and Uruguay. Recently, new CGSC species, closely related to , have been identified causing ABR.

A Laminarin-Based Formulation Protects Wheat Against via Direct Antifungal Activity and Elicitation of Host Defense-Related Genes.

The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of the laminarin-based formulation Vacciplant to protect and induce resistance in wheat against , a major pathogen on this crop. Under greenhouse conditions, a single foliar spraying of the product 2 days before inoculation with reduced disease severity and pycnidium density by 42 and 45%, respectively. Vacciplant exhibited a direct antifungal activity on conidial germination both in vitro and in planta.

The Algal Polysaccharide Ulvan Induces Resistance in Wheat Against Without Major Alteration of Leaf Metabolome.

This study aimed to examine the ability of ulvan, a water-soluble polysaccharide from the green seaweed , to provide protection and induce resistance in wheat against the hemibiotrophic fungus . Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis indicated that ulvan is mainly composed of unsaturated monosaccharides (rhamnose, rhamnose-3-sulfate, and xylose) and numerous uronic acid residues. In the greenhouse, foliar application of ulvan at 10 mg.

Changes in xylem morphology and activity of defense-related enzymes are associated with bean resistance during Fusarium oxysporum colonization.

Genetic resistance is the main strategy to control Fusarium wilt in common bean. Despite this, few studies have focused on defense mechanisms involved in bean resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

First Report of Colletotrichum chrysophilum Causing Anthracnose on Blueberry in Brazil.

Highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and rabbiteye (V. ashei R.

First Report of Colletotrichum karstii Causing Anthracnose on Strawberry in Brazil.

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. With increasing cultivated area in the last decades, Brazil has become the largest strawberry producer in South America.

Redox status regulation and action of extra- and intravascular defense mechanisms are associated with bean resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli.

Genetic resistance is the main strategy to control one of the most destructive diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L), i.e., the Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.

Ascospore Infection and Species Causing Glomerella Leaf Spot of Apple in Uruguay.

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) caused by spp. is a destructive disease of apple restricted to a few regions worldwide. The distribution and evolution of GLS symptoms were observed for two years in Uruguay.

promotes maize growth but fails to control the maize leaf anthracnose.

is an endophytic diazotrophic bacterium and a plant growth promoting bacteria. causes the anthracnose, one of the most destructive maize diseases worldwide. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of SmR1 strain on the plant growth and leaf anthracnose of maize plants grown in substrate amended or not amended with humic substances.

Extracellular enzymes of isolates associated to Apple bitter rot and Glomerella leaf spot.

causes two important diseases on apple in Southern Brazil, bitter rot (ABR) and Glomerella leaf spot (GLS). In this pathosystem, the ability to cause different symptoms could be related to differences of extracellular enzymes produced by the fungi. Thus, the objectives of this study were to compare the production of these enzymes between ABR- and GLS-isolate and to evaluate their involvement on infected apple leaves with .

Modulation of oxidative responses by a virulent isolate of Colletotrichum fructicola in apple leaves.

Apple bitter rot (ABR) and Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) can be caused by Colletotrichum fructicola. Although both diseases can occur simultaneously in orchards, some isolates show clear organ specialization. Thus, this work was aimed to compare microscopically the development of preinfective structures of ABR- and GLS isolates and their impact on the enzymatic oxidant defense system during the leaf infection process.

Genetic Structure of Colletotrichum fructicola Associated to Apple Bitter Rot and Glomerella Leaf Spot in Southern Brazil and Uruguay.

Colletotrichum fructicola is the main species causing apple bitter rot (ABR) and Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) in southern Brazil, and ABR in Uruguay where GLS remains unnoticed. Thus, this work aimed to determine the genetic structure of C. fructicola isolates of both the countries.

Ulvans induce resistance against plant pathogenic fungi independently of their sulfation degree.

The present work aimed to evaluate the defense responses induced by chemically sulfated ulvans in Arabidopsis thaliana plants against the phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria brassicicola and Colletotrichum higginsianum. Derivatives with growing sulfate content (from 20.9 to 36.

New insights into the characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with apple diseases in southern Brazil and Uruguay.

Colletotrichum species are associated with Apple bitter rot (ABR) and Glomerella leaf spot (GLS). Whereas both apple diseases occur frequently in Brazil, only the former has been reported in Uruguay. This work was aimed at identifying and comparing morpho-cultural characteristics and pathogenic variability of thirty-nine Colletotrichum isolates from both countries.