Dosimetric evaluation of I (Iodide) and Tc (Pertechnetate) in the thyroid of neonates using Cristy-Eckerman and Segars anatomical representations.

Using the MIRD formalism, and the Cristy-Eckeman and Segars anthropomorphic representations, the absorbed dose in the thyroid of newborns, was calculated when I (iodide) and Tc (pertechnetate) are used during the diagnostic procedures. The dose results will allow exploring the dosimetric impact generated by the use of these radiopharmaceutical compounds and the use of two representations. Regardless the radiopharmaceutical compound and the anthropomorphic representation is the thyroid self-dose is the greatest, due to electrons emitted during the I and Tc radioisotopes.

Spectra, fluence and absorbed doses in sensitive organs due to scattered X-rays during a chest CT.

The use of ionizing radiation for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases is becoming more frequent. The technologies associated with diagnostic imaging are constantly evolving, allowing faster and cheaper diagnoses to benefit the patient. However, this has caused an increase in the exposure to ionizing radiation of patients and health professionals.

Doses and spectra, of leaking-out and scattered photons from X-ray tubes used in dentistry.

Diagnosis by X-ray image are procedures widely used to improve the diagnosis or to follow the evolution of a medical procedure, also are used to support the cancer treatment with linear accelerators. The procedure involves the X-ray unit and the detection system, while the X-ray beam is projected onto the patient; along this procedure X-rays are scattered out from the patient body and X-rays leak-out from the X-ray unit. Both, the scattered and the leaking out radiation, are important during the evaluation or the design of the shielding barriers.

Dosimetric evaluation of radiopharmaceuticals in kidneys and uterine wall of a woman with early pregnancy using Stabin/Segars representations.

MIRD method with the Stabin/Segars anthropomorphic representations were used to calculate the absorbed doses in kidneys and uterine wall of an early-stage pregnant woman when Tc (DTPA), Tc (DMSA) and Tc (MAG3) are used for renal studies. Stabin and Segars anatomical representations are phantoms that are used in Monte Carlo calculations to determine the SAF, that with the pharmaceutical residence time are used to calculate the absorbed dose, from source organs, on target organs. Concerns about the impact on the absorbed dose due to the use of the three Tc-based compounds as well as the use of different phantoms were here treated for the case of a female at early pregnant state.

Doses in eye lens, thyroid, and gonads, due to scattered radiation, during a CT radiodiagnosis study.

X-ray images used for radio-diagnosis are very useful to evaluate the progress of a treatment or to have a better diagnosis. However, during the interaction between the incoming X-ray beam and the body surface, part of the radiation is scattered out reaching other parts of the body delivering an undesirable dose. In this work the dose in eye lenses, thyroid, and gonads of a solid water phantom was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters, while a Computer Tomography of the torso was obtained.

Doses in eye lens, thyroid, salivary glands, mammary glands, and gonads, due to radiation scattered in dental orthopantomography.

In the aim to support treatments and diagnostics in Dentistry the most common radiographies are the periapical radiography and the dental panoramic. In the dental panoramic the X-ray beam is addressed into a large zone of the face obtaining the image of the upper and lower jaw. In this procedure part of the X-rays are scattered reaching some other parts of the patient body.

Dosimetry of Tc (DTPA, DMSA and MAG3) used in renal function studies of newborns and children.

The dose to kidneys of newborns and 1-year old children was calculated using the MIRD methodology. In order to perform renal studies radiopharmaceutical like Tc-DTPA, Tc-MAG3 and Tc-DMSA are used. Here, besides the anatomic and structure information of kidneys another data are provided in benefit of patient, however during the radioisotope decay emitted radiations delivers, totally or partially, their energy.