Influence of Simple and Radical Cystectomy on Sexual Function and Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Female Patients: A Scoping Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Despite the high risk for sexual dysfunction and pelvic organ prolapse after cystectomy and urinary diversion, a paucity of data and attention to these issues exists in women. This is in stark contrast to the attention paid to male sexual function undergoing similar urologic procedures. As survivorship from bladder cancer improves, appropriate assessment and treatment of these quality of life conditions are needed.

Return to Activities After Patellofemoral Arthroplasty.

Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is used to treat isolated patellofemoral arthritis, but little is known about post-PFA activity levels and functional outcome scores. We reviewed 48 consecutive cases (39 patients) of PFAs performed between 2009 and 2014. Three validated patient-reported outcome measures (Kujala score, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee score) were used to evaluate knee function before and after surgery.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Autologous Hamstring: Can Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Accurately Predict Graft Diameter?

Background: Recent clinical investigations have identified inadequate autograft hamstring graft diameter (<8 mm) to be predictive of failure after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).

Purpose/hypothesis: The objective of this study was to determine the utility of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables of the hamstring tendons for the prediction of graft diameter at the time of surgery. The hypothesis was that cross-sectional area (CSA) of the hamstring tendon measured on MRI could accurately predict graft diameter, and threshold measurements could be established to predict graft diameter at the time of surgery.

Kidney transplantation, bioengineering and regeneration: an originally immunology-based discipline destined to transition towards ad hoc organ manufacturing and repair.

Kidney transplantation (KT), as a modality of renal replacement therapy (RRT), has been shown to be both economically and functionally superior to dialysis for the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Progress in KT is limited by two major barriers: a) a chronic and burgeoning shortage of transplantable organs and b) the need for chronic immunosuppression following transplantation. Although ground-breaking advances in transplant immunology have improved patient survival and graft durability, a new pathway of innovation is needed in order to overcome current obstacles.

Tissue-Engineering Approaches to Restore Kidney Function.

Kidney transplantation for the treatment of chronic kidney disease has established outcome and quality of life. However, its implementation is severely limited by a chronic shortage of donor organs; consequently, most candidates remain on dialysis and on the waiting list while accruing further morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, those patients that do receive kidney transplants are committed to a life-long regimen of immunosuppressive drugs that also carry significant adverse risk profiles.

Perspectives on abdominal organ preservation solutions: a comparative literature review.

Various preservation solutions are used for kidney, liver, pancreas, small intestine, and multiorgan recoveries and transplants. The effectiveness of these solutions, primarily measured by ability to preserve the organ and graft survival, was analyzed. The 2 most common solutions used for intra-abdominal organs are University of Wisconsin Solution (UW)/Viaspan and Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK)/Custodiol solution.

The role of the iliotibial band during the pivot shift test.

Purpose: Several studies have suggested that the iliotibial (IT) band plays a role in knee laxity and that it may affect the magnitude of the pivot shift observed. However, the extent of the role played by the IT band, as well as its mechanism of action, is not currently known. This cadaveric study aimed to quantify the effect of the IT band and the hip abduction angle on the magnitude of anterior tibial translation (ATT) during the pivot shift.