Lack of association of the KIR and HLA class I ligands with ZIKV infection in south and southeast of Brazil.

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus associated with foetal malformations and neurological complications. The infection is usually associated with mild symptoms. The comparison between the allelic frequency of polymorphic genes in symptomatic infected individuals in the population can clarify the pathogenic mechanisms of ZIKV.

Gas6 drives Zika virus-induced neurological complications in humans and congenital syndrome in immunocompetent mice.

Zika virus (ZIKV) has the ability to cross placental and brain barriers, causing congenital malformations in neonates and neurological disorders in adults. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of ZIKV-induced neurological complications in adults and congenital malformations are still not fully understood. Gas6 is a soluble TAM receptor ligand able to promote flavivirus internalization and downregulation of immune responses.

Clinical outcomes and molecular characterization of drug-resistant tuberculosis in pre- and extensively drug-resistant disease based on line probe assays.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a significant impact in transmission, outcome, and health costs. The World Health Organization recommends implementation of rapid diagnostic methods for multidrug-resistance detection. This study was performed to evaluate the frequency of pre- and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB) among MDR-TB patients, the pattern of resistance mutations for fluoroquinolones and the clinical outcome.

Evolution and epidemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil.

Brazil currently has one of the fastest-growing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemics in the world. Because of limited available data, assessments of the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on this virus spread remain challenging. Using a mobility-driven transmission model, we show that NPIs reduced the reproduction number from >3 to 1 to 1.

INVASIVE NON-TYPE B HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE DISEASE: REPORT OF EIGHT CASES.

Objective: To describe eight cases of invasive non-type b Haemophilus influenzae disease in children admitted to Hospital de Clínicas of Universidade Estadual de Campinas.

Cases Description: In 2015, there were eight cases of invasive non-type b H. influenzae disease.

Imported malaria in a non-endemic area: the experience of the university of Campinas hospital in the Brazilian Southeast.

Background: Although malaria in Brazil almost exclusively occurs within the boundaries of the Amazon Region, some concerns are raised regarding imported malaria to non-endemic areas of the country, notably increased incidence of complications due to delayed diagnoses. However, although imported malaria in Brazil represents a major health problem, only a few studies have addressed this subject.

Methods: A retrospective case series is presented in which 263 medical charts were analysed to investigate the clinical and epidemiological characterization of malaria cases that were diagnosed and treated at Hospital & Clinics, State University of Campinas between 1998 and 2011.

Lessons from the epidemiological surveillance program, during the influenza A (H1N1) virus epidemic, in a reference university hospital of Southeastern Brazil.

Introduction: The case definition of influenza-like illness (ILI) is a powerful epidemiological tool during influenza epidemics.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the impact of two definitions used as epidemiological tools, in adults and children, during the influenza A H1N1 epidemic. Patients were included if they had upper respiratory samples tested for influenza by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction during two periods, using the ILI definition (coughing + temperature ≤ 38ºC) in period 1, and the definition of severe acute respiratory infection (ARS) (coughing + temperature ≤ 38ºC and dyspnoea) in period 2.

Postexposure prophylaxis after sexual assaults: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) protocol in rape victims.

Study: The victims were assigned to 1 of 3 categories, according to the severity of exposure (I-low, II-moderate, III-high). HIV PEP was provided to victims in groups II (Zdv + 3TC) and III (Zdv + 3TC + PI) until 72 hours after exposure.