Effect of ZEB1 Associated with microRNAs on Tumor Stem Cells in Head and Neck Cancer.

Cancer biologists have focused on studying cancer stem cells (CSCs) because of their ability to self-renew and recapitulate tumor heterogeneity, which increases their resistance to chemotherapy and is associated with cancer relapse. Here, we used two approaches to isolate CSCs: the first involved the metabolic enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH, and the second involved the three cell surface markers CD44, CD117, and CD133. ALDH cells showed a higher zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) microRNA (miRNA) expression than CD44/CD117/133 triple-positive cells, which overexpressed miRNA 200c-3p: a well-known microRNA ZEB1 inhibitor.

Use of histone methyltransferase inhibitors in cancer treatment: A systematic review.

Histone modifications are an epigenetic mechanism, and the dysregulation of these proteins is known to be associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. In the search for the development of new and more effective drugs, histone modifications were identified as possible therapeutic targets. Histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitors correspond to the third generation of epigenetic drugs capable of writing or deleting epigenetic information.

Treatment effects of the EGFR pathway drugs on head and neck cancer stem cells.

(1) Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and show low survival rates and drug resistance, which can be due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small cell population with metastatic potential, invasion and self-renewal ability. (2) Here, seven tumor cells were sorted as CD44+/CD117+/CD133+ or ALDH+, considered as HNC stem cells (HNCSCs), and as CD44-/CD117-/CD133- or ALDH-, considered non-HNCSCs after both cells sorted criteria was compared to evaluate cell migration, invasion, and colony forming assays. These subpopulations were treated with Cetuximab, Paclitaxel, or a combination of both drugs and evaluated for cell viability.

Regulation of , , and Oncogenes by MicroRNAs in Head and Neck Cancer.

Mutations and alterations in the expression of , , and oncogenes play a key role in cancer initiation and progression. These genes are enrolled not only in cell proliferation control, but also in angiogenesis, drug resistance, metastasis, and survival of tumor cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding regulatory RNA molecules that can regulate post-transcriptional expression of multiple target genes.

MiR-612, miR-637, and miR-874 can Regulate VEGFA Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules acting as important posttranscriptional gene and protein expression regulators in cancer. The study goal was to examine VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines upon transfection miR-612, miR-637, or miR-874. MiR-612 mimics, miR-637 mimics, or miR-874 inhibitors were transfected using Lipofectamine RNAiMax in both HCC cell lines, HepG2 and HuH-7.

Association between folate metabolism polymorphisms and breast cancer: a case-control study.

We investigated the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C), methionine synthetase (MTR A2756G), and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G) polymorphisms involved in folate pathway and breast cancer risk, and the interaction between these polymorphisms and tobacco and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, we evaluated the association between these polymorphisms and clinicopathological variables. This case-control study included 606 Brazilian women, comprising 128 patients with breast cancer and 478 controls.

Evaluation of molecular markers GSTM1 and GSTT1 and clinical factors in breast cancer: case-control study and literature review.

The study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of polymorphisms in and genes in patients with breast cancer compared with individuals without history of cancer, and the association of these polymorphisms with clinical/epidemiological parameters.There were evaluated 752 women (219 patients and 533 controls). Molecular analysis was performed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolism-related genes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study.

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in microsomal epoxide hydrolase (; Tyr113His and His139Arg substitution) and glutathione S-transferase (; deletion, deletion, and .Ala114Val substitution) and their correlation with clinico-histopathological features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).We evaluated environmental risk factors and genetic alterations in 556 individuals (86 cases and 470 controls).

Differential expression of angiogenesis-related miRNAs and in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis (LC) is a heterogeneous liver disease, the last stage of liver fibrosis, and the major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study aimed to evaluate the expression of microRNAs and the endothelial vascular growth factor () gene in LC and HCC.

Material And Methods: The sample group consisted of 46 tissue samples: 21 of LC, 15 of HCC, and 10 of non-tumoural and non-cirrhotic liver tissue (control group).

and Gene Expression and Regulation by MicroRNAs in Thyroid Papillary Cancer and Colloid Goiter.

Deregulation of VEGFA (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A) and NFE2L2 (Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-derived 2)-Like 2), involved in angiogenesis and oxidative stress, can lead to thyroid cancer progression. MiR-17-5p and miR-612 are possible regulators of these genes and may promote thyroid disorders. In order to evaluate the involvement of VEGFA, NFE2L2, hsa-miR-17-5p, and hsa-miR-612 in thyroid pathology, we examined tissue samples from colloid goiter, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and a normal thyroid.

MicroRNAs as regulators of VEGFA and NFE2L2 in cancer.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of various genes, and their deregulation can lead to tumorigenesis. They may play the role of oncogenes or tumor suppressors by regulating different genes involved in cellular processes. One of the genes regulated by the miRNAs is the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), which is responsible for angiogenesis.

Polymorphisms in , , and genes involved in folate metabolism and thyroid cancer: a case-control study.

Introduction: Polymorphisms in genes coding enzymes involved in folate metabolism may cause alterations in this metabolic pathway and contribute to carcinogenesis, because folate is essential for DNA synthesis, methylation and repair. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of 677C>T (rs1801133), 2756A>G (rs1805087), 80A>G (rs1051266) and 844ins(68) (no rs#) polymorphisms and thyroid cancer development. The association of these polymorphisms with demographic risk factors and clinical histopathological parameters was also evaluated.

Differential Expression of Prostaglandin I2 Synthase Associated with Arachidonic Acid Pathway in the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: Differential expression of genes encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP) and other oxygenases enzymes involved in biotransformation mechanisms of endogenous and exogenous compounds can lead to oral tumor development.

Objective: We aimed to identify the expression profile of these genes, searching for susceptibility biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: Sixteen oral squamous cell carcinoma samples were included in this study (eight tumor and eight adjacent non-tumor tissues).

Clinical, Epidemiological and Histopathological Aspects in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Liver Transplantation.

Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the primary liver cancer with high incidence and mortality rates. Currently one of the major etiologies for liver disease, HCC and liver transplantation is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the epidemiological, histopathological and clinical aspects of HCC transplant patients, with emphasis on NAFLD etiology.

Relationship between CD44/CD133/CD117 cancer stem cells phenotype and Cetuximab and Paclitaxel treatment response in head and neck cancer cell lines.

Recent evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small population of cancer cells that are highly tumourigenic, capable of self-renewal and have the ability to differentiate into cells that constitute the tumor, are the "drivers" of local recurrence and metastatic spread and may be associated with resistant to conventional therapy. The objectives of the study are to identify and characterize two head and neck cancer cell lines with regard CD44/CD133/CD117 profile (CSCs) and CD44/CD133/CD117 profile (Non-CSCs); to investigate the influence of chemotherapy treatment in CSCs and compare with Non-CSCs; to evaluate CD44 and EGFR gene expression in CSCs. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) using specific cell surface marker combination (CD44, CD117 and CD133) was performed to isolate CSCs of Non-CSCs from cell lines.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Comprehensive Review of Biomarkers, Clinical Aspects, and Therapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cause of several deaths related to cancer worldwidely. In early stage, curative treatments such as surgical resection, liver transplant and local ablation can improve the patient ´s survival. However, the disease is detected in advanced stage; moreover some available therapies are restricted to palliative care and local treatment.

Polymorphisms of folate metabolism genes in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: To evaluated the association of the risk factors and polymorphisms in , , and genes.

Methods: Patients with cirrhosis ( = 116), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ( = 71) and controls ( = 356) were included. Polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion and allelic discrimination technique real-time PCR techniques were used for analysis.