A comparative study between Fusarium solani and Neocosmospora vasinfecta revealed differential profile of fructooligosaccharide production.

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are fructose-based oligosaccharides employed as additives to improve the food's nutritional and technological properties. The rhizosphere of plants that accumulate fructopolysaccharides as inulin has been revealed as a source of filamentous fungi. These fungi can produce FOS either by inulin hydrolysis or by biosynthesis from sucrose, including unusual FOS with enhanced prebiotic properties.

WHO Critical Priority Escherichia coli as One Health Challenge for a Post-Pandemic Scenario: Genomic Surveillance and Analysis of Current Trends in Brazil.

The dissemination of carbapenem-resistant and third generation cephalosporin-resistant pathogens is a critical issue that is no longer restricted to hospital settings. The rapid spread of critical priority pathogens in Brazil is notably worrying, considering its continental dimension, the diversity of international trade, livestock production, and human travel. We conducted a nationwide genomic investigation under a One Health perspective that included Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and nonhuman sources, over 45 years (1974-2019).

Comparative Genomics of Clinical Strains From Brazil Reveals Polyclonal Dissemination and Selective Exchange of Mobile Genetic Elements Associated With Resistance Genes.

is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen infecting immunocompromised patients and has gained attention worldwide due to its increased antimicrobial resistance. Here, we report a comparative whole-genome sequencing and analysis coupled with an assessment of antibiotic resistance of 46 strains (45 plus one ) originated from five hospitals from the city of Recife, Brazil, between 2010 and 2014. An average of 3,809 genes were identified per genome, although only 2,006 genes were single copy orthologs or core genes conserved across all sequenced strains, with an average of 42 new genes found per strain.

Biofilm production by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and structural changes in LasR protein of isolates non biofilm-producing.

Introduction: Biofilm production is an important mechanism for the survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its relationship with antimicrobial resistance represents a challenge for patient therapeutics. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen frequently associated to nosocomial infections, especially in imunocompromised hosts.

Colistin-resistant KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST423 harboring an IS5-like element in the mgrB gene isolated from cerebrospinal fluid.

We describe colistin-resistant KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from cerebrospinal fluid, belonging to ST423, selected during treatment for neuroinfection. Colistin resistance was related to mgrB gene interruption by an IS5-like.

Analysis of biofilm production by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Objective: To phenotypically evaluate biofilm production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinically isolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Methods: Twenty clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were analyzed, 19 of which were from clinical samples of tracheal aspirate, and one was from a bronchoalveolar lavage sample.

High Frequency of OXA-253-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Different Hospitals in Recife, Brazil.

Here, we report the isolation of 31 Acinetobacter baumannii strains producing OXA-253 in a single large Brazilian city. These strains belonged to five different sequence types (STs), including 4 STs not previously associated with bla In all strains, the bla gene was located in a plasmid within a genetic environment similar to what was found previously in Brazil and Italy. The reported data emphasize the successful transmission of the bla gene through a large area and the tendency for this resistance determinant to remain in the A.

First identification of Tn916-like element in industrial strains of Lactobacillus vini that spread the tet-M resistance gene.

The open process used to ferment sugar cane juice or molasses to produce ethanol fuel is prone to contamination by bacterial cells of different species, in particular Lactobacilli. The situation can be exacerbated by the emergence of resistant cells to industrial antibiotics that are normally used to combat this contamination. In this work, two Lactobacillus vini isolates from ethanol distilleries were identified and found to be resistant to doxycycline, a tetracycline derivative, although sensitive to other antibiotics tested.

Mutational and acquired carbapenem resistance mechanisms in multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Recife, Brazil.

An investigation was carried out into the genetic mechanisms responsible for multidrug resistance in nine carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from different hospitals in Recife, Brazil. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined by broth microdilution. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the presence of genes encoding β-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs), 16S rRNA methylases, integron-related genes and OprD.

Coproduction of KPC-2 and QnrB19 in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST340 isolate in Brazil.

Few reports described the presence of bla(KPC) and qnr genes in the same isolate. This study reports the combination of bla(KPC-2) and qnrB19 genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST340 isolate in Brazil. These findings draw attention to this combination in ST340 isolate, which is part of the CC258, disseminated in Latin America.

Plasmid-mediated qnrA1 in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 in Recife, Brazil.

Objectives: Qnr-mediated quinolone resistance is increasingly detected worldwide, but few studies have been carried out so far in Brazil. The aim of this study was to test for qnr determinants in isolates of ciprofloxacin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Methods: Fifteen ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates from urine cultures of hospitalized patients at a university hospital in North-East Brazil were investigated.

Emergence of extensively drug-resistant OXA-72-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Recife, Brazil: risk of clonal dissemination?

Two new examples of OXA-72-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolate resistant to a broad spectrum of antimicrobials, but not polymyxin B, have been identified in Recife, Brazil. Molecular typing indicated a close genetic link with the OXA-72-producing A. baumannii previously isolated in São Paulo, suggesting the possibility of clonal dissemination within the country.

First description of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella oxytoca in Brazil.

The present work reports the detection of the first case of nosocomial Klebsiella oxytoca producing class A carbapenemase KPC-2 in Brazil. The isolate KPN106 carried a 65-kb IncW-type plasmid that harbors the blaKPC gene and Tn4401b. Moreover, we detected the presence of a class 1 integron containing a new allele, arr-8, followed by a 5'-truncated dhfrIIIc gene.

Changing the epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Brazilian teaching hospital: the replacement of São Paulo metallo-β-lactamase-producing isolates.

In Brazil, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are closely related to the São Paulo metallo-β-lactamase (SPM) Brazilian clone. In this study, imipenem-resistant isolates were divided in two sets, 2002/2003 and 2008/2009, analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and tested for the Ambler class B metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes blaSPM-1, blaIMP and blaVIM. The results show a prevalence of one clone related to the SPM Brazilian clone in 2002/2003.

First description of KPC-2-producing Pseudomonas putida in Brazil.

This work reports the identification of the first case of a KΡC-2-producing Pseudomonas putida isolate (PP36) in Brazil. The PP36 isolate was resistant to all the antimicrobials tested except polymyxin B. In addition to the discovered bla(KPC-2) gene, genetic analysis showed the presence of a class 1 integron containing the dhfrXVb gene and the new allele arr-6, which codes for resistance to rifampin.

Identification and molecular characterization of Van A-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in Northeast of Brazil.

The isolation of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in Brazil has rapidly increased, following the world wide tendency. We report in the present study the first isolation of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) in the Northeast of Brazil. The four VRE isolates were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, genotypic typing by macro restriction of chromosomal DNA followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and for characterization of the Tn1546-like element and plasmid contents.