Which Psychosocial Risks Are Necessary for Developing Depression During Adolescence? A Novel Approach Applying Necessary Condition Analysis.

Objective: Although many factors predict adolescent depression, risks that operate as necessary conditions (ie, absence of the factor conveys absence of the outcome) have been largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate which psychosocial risk factors might serve as necessary conditions for future onset of depression across adolescence.

Method: At baseline, cognitive and personality risks, symptom severity, stressful events, and past depression history were assessed among 382 adolescents (225 girls; mean age = 12.

Similarities and Differences in the Architecture of Cognitive Vulnerability to Depressive Symptoms in Black and White American Adolescents: A Network Analysis Study.

The hopelessness theory, Beck's cognitive theory, and the response styles theory dominate our understanding and the treatment of depression in adolescents. However, research supporting them is largely based on White individuals. Further, the associations between stressors, cognitive vulnerabilities, and depressive symptoms in Black adolescents are not as one would expect based on the predictions from those theories.

Epigenetic control of multiple genes with a lentiviral vector encoding transcriptional repressors fused to compact zinc finger arrays.

Gene silencing without gene editing holds great potential for the development of safe therapeutic applications. Here, we describe a novel strategy to concomitantly repress multiple genes using zinc finger proteins fused to Krüppel-Associated Box repression domains (ZF-Rs). This was achieved via the optimization of a lentiviral system tailored for the delivery of ZF-Rs in hematopoietic cells.

Eating disorder symptom dimensions and protective factors: A structural network analysis study.

Eating Disorders (EDs) and related symptoms pose a substantial public health concern due to their widespread prevalence among both genders and associated negative outcomes, underscoring the need for effective preventive interventions. In this context, deepening our understanding of the interplay between ED symptoms and related protective factors appears crucial. Therefore, this study employed a structural network analysis approach considering both ED symptom dimensions (i.

Defense styles, well-being, and functional disability in the African context: A structured interview-based study.

Objective: We investigated the defense styles in the African context by exploring their internal structure in Burkinabé individuals. Moreover, we explored how defense styles were related to sociocultural variables. Finally, we tested whether defense styles could mediate the relationship between sociocultural variables and mental well-being as well as functional disability.

Comorbidity among depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in naturalistic clinical samples: A cross-cultural network analysis.

Comorbidity between depression and anxiety is well-established across various settings and cultures. We approached comorbidity from the network psychopathology perspective and examined the depression, anxiety/autonomic arousal and stress/tension symptoms in naturalistic clinical samples from Serbia, Italy and Croatia. This was a multisite study in which regularized partial correlation networks of the symptoms, obtained via self-reports on the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) in three cross-cultural, clinical samples (total N = 874), were compared with respect to centrality, edge weights, community structure and bridge centrality.

Production of therapeutic levels of human FIX-R338L by engineered B cells using GMP-compatible medium.

B cells can differentiate into plasmablast and plasma cells, capable of producing antibodies for decades. Gene editing using zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) enables the engineering of B cells capable of secreting sustained and high levels of therapeutic proteins. In this study, we established an advanced good manufacturing practice-compatible culturing system characterized by robust and consistent expansion rate, high viability, and efficient B cell differentiation.

The Structure of Compulsive Sexual Behavior: A Network Analysis Study.

Compulsive sexual behavior is a phenomenon characterized by a persistent failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges, resulting in repetitive sexual behavior that causes marked distress or impairment in personal, familial, social, educational, or occupational areas of functioning. Despite its major impact on mental health and quality of life, little is known about its internal structure and whether this phenomenon differs across genders, age groups, and risk status. By considering a large online sample (n = 3186; 68.

Cognitive Triad and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Specificity and Overlap.

Adolescence is a critical period for the development of depressive symptoms and the understanding of vulnerability factors that facilitate their onset is pivotal. In this study, we focused on Beck's cognitive triad, namely its three-fold structure, comprising views of the self, world, and future. Despite its crucial role in the cognitive theory of depression, the relationship between the cognitive triad and depressive symptoms in adolescence is still unclear.

The Role of Perseverative Cognition for Both Mental and Somatic Disorders in a Naturalistic Psychiatric Patient Sample.

Objective: Perseverative cognition (PC) is the repeated or long-term activation of the cognitive representation of psychological stressors and is associated with prolonged stress including somatic and mental consequences. Hence, PC might represent a cognitive process linking mental and somatic pathology, but current research on this link is limited by investigating healthy samples, markers of somatic disease, and single disorders. The present study explored the importance of PC for different mental and somatic disorders in psychiatric patients.

Symptom centrality and infrequency of endorsement identify adolescent depression symptoms more strongly associated with life satisfaction.

Although depression symptoms are often treated as interchangeable, some symptoms may relate to adolescent life satisfaction more strongly than others. To assess this premise, we first conducted a network analysis on the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) in a large (N = 1,059), cross-sectional sample of community adolescents (age M = 14.72 ± 1.

The Architecture of Cognitive Vulnerability to Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Network Analysis Study.

Rates of subclinical symptoms and full-blown depression significantly increase during adolescence. Hence, understanding how multiple cognitive risk factors are related to depression in adolescence is of major importance. For this purpose, we simultaneously considered multiple cognitive vulnerabilities, as proposed by three major cognitive theories for depression, namely Beck's cognitive theory, hopelessness theory, and response style theory.

What is the internal structure of intolerance of uncertainty? A network analysis approach.

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor spanning psychological disorders. Although IU has been extensively studied, its internal structure is still not fully understood. In the current study, we applied network analysis to investigate IU - as measured by the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-Revised (IUS-R) - in two large non-clinical samples, consisting of undergraduates (N = 1172) and community individuals (N = 1759).

Shaping our personal past: Assessing the phenomenology of autobiographical memory and its association with object and spatial imagery.

A new instrument has been developed that allows a comprehensive assessment of the relevant dimensions of the phenomenology of autobiographical memories (Assessment of the Phenomenology of Autobiographical Memory, APAM), and their association with visual object and spatial imagery has been examined. An initial version of APAM consisting of 30 items (the first 28 measured on a seven-point Likert-type scale) was developed and administered to a sample of 138 undergraduates. To test whether each item consistently measured the same dimension across different memories, all questions were rated for 12 cues.

ANKRD44 Gene Silencing: A Putative Role in Trastuzumab Resistance in Her2-Like Breast Cancer.

Trastuzumab is an effective therapeutic treatment for Her2-like breast cancer; despite this most of these tumors develop resistance to therapy due to specific gene mutations or alterations in gene expression. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to Trastuzumab could be a useful tool in order to identify combinations of drugs that elude resistance and allow a better response for the treated patients. Twelve primary biopsies of Her2+/hormone receptor negative (ER-/PgR-) breast cancer patients were selected based on the specific response to neoadjuvant therapy with Trastuzumab and their whole exome was sequenced leading to the identification of 18 informative gene mutations that discriminate patients selectively based on response to treatment.

Outcomes of a novel bariatric stent in the management of sleeve gastrectomy leaks: a multicenter study.

Background: The management of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy leaks remains a challenge. This can be treated with placement of self-expandable metal stents, which are most effective in the acute and early settings. However, migration is a frequent adverse event (AE).

Measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression: Further evidence on the factorial and predictive validity of negative cognitive style.

Background And Objectives: Previous research has provided insufficient evidence on the factorial validity of the negative cognitive style questionnaires, which is a problem for the validity of the total score's computation. In Study 1, we focused on the relationship between internality and the other dimensions of negative cognitive style. In Study 2, we explored the predictive validity of negative cognitive style for negative interpretation bias.

Do daily dynamics in rumination and affect predict depressive symptoms and trait rumination? An experience sampling study.

Background And Objectives: Rumination has been shown to prospectively predict the onset of depression. However, it is unclear how rumination and affect in daily life influence the development of depressive symptoms. The present study examined whether the structure of dynamics in rumination and affect could prospectively predict depressive symptoms and trait rumination in an undergraduate sample (n = 63).

Temperamental factors in remitted depression: The role of effortful control and attentional mechanisms.

Background: Temperamental effortful control and attentional networks are increasingly viewed as important underlying processes in depression and anxiety. However, it is still unknown whether these factors facilitate depressive and anxiety symptoms in the general population and, more specifically, in remitted depressed individuals.

Methods: We investigated to what extent effortful control and attentional networks (i.

Using Network Analysis to Identify Central Symptoms of Adolescent Depression.

Experiencing depression symptoms, even at mild to moderate levels, is associated with maladaptive outcomes for adolescents. We used network analysis to evaluate which symptoms (and associations between symptoms) are most central to adolescent depression. Participants were part of a large, diverse community sample ( = 1,409) of adolescents between 13 and 19 years of age.

Early-onset Neonatal Pneumococcal Sepsis: A Fatal Case Report and Brief Literature Review.

Sepsis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is rare in neonates although associated with high morbidity and mortality. We report a fatal case of invasive pneumococcal disease in a term neonate whose mother was healthy and did not receive any pneumococcal vaccine. Investigation of the infection source yielded negative results.

Specificity and overlap of attention and memory biases in depression.

Background: Attentional and memory biases are viewed as crucial cognitive processes underlying symptoms of depression. However, it is still unclear whether these two biases are uniquely related to depression or whether they show substantial overlap.

Methods: We investigated the degree of specificity and overlap of attentional and memory biases for depressotypic stimuli in relation to depression and anxiety by means of meta-analytic commonality analysis.

Spontaneous Thought and Vulnerability to Mood Disorders: The Dark Side of the Wandering Mind.

There is increasing interest in spontaneous thought, namely task-unrelated or rest-related mental activity. Spontaneous thought is an umbrella term for processes like mindwandering, involuntary autobiographical memory, and daydreaming, with evidence elucidating adaptive and maladaptive consequences. In this theoretical framework, we propose that, apart from its positive functions, spontaneous thought is a precursor for cognitive vulnerability in individuals who are at-risk for mood disorders.