Chondroma of the mandibular condyle-relapse of a rare benign chondroid tumour after 5 years' follow-up: case report.

Chondroma of the mandibular condyle is rare and its signs and symptoms can mimic those of patients with more common disorders of facial asymmetry or dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We report a case of chondroma of the mandibular condyle that presented as temporomandibular pain with malocclusion, and which relapsed 5 years after the initial treatment. To our knowledge only 7 cases of chondroma of the mandibular condyle have been reported in the last 70 years.

The influence of calcium ions on nickel modulation of NMDA receptor currents.

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NRs) are glutamate-gated channels critical for the functioning of the nervous system. They are assembled from two types of subunits, the essential GluN1 and at least one type of GluN2 (A, B, C, D) subunit. Nickel (Ni) modulates the NR current in a way dependent on the GluN2 subunit present.

A prospective clinical trial for assessing the efficacy of a minimally invasive protocol in patients with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether a minimally invasive protocol can be effective in the long-term control of necrotic areas and pain in patients suffering osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with the use of bisphosphonate drugs (BRONJ).

Study Design: Thirty-four consecutive patients (14 male, 20 female) with BRONJ under treatment with zoledronate, pamidronate, or alendronate were enrolled. All of the patients received professional oral hygiene treatment and antiseptic oral rinses, and if in pain they assumed an antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium and metronidazole for ten days.

Acquisition of neuron-like electrophysiological properties in neuroblastoma cells by controlled expression of NDM29 ncRNA.

Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer characterized by high malignancy and remarkable cell heterogeneity within the tumor nodules. It has been previously shown that the over-expression of a specific non-coding RNA, NDM29, reduces neuroblastoma development promoting cell differentiation. We have used neuroblastoma cells expressing NDM29 at its basal level (Mock cells) or at 5.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and effect of antiglycolytic bromopyruvic acid in GL15 glioblastoma cells.

Most cancer cells, including GL15 glioblastoma cells, rely on glycolysis for energy supply. The effect of antiglycolytic bromopyruvate on respiratory parameters and viability of GL15 cells was investigated. Bromopyruvate caused Δψ(m) and MTT collapse, ATP decrease, and cell viability loss without involving apoptotic or necrotic pathways.

Reconstruction of atrophied anterior mandible with an inlay technique and resorbable miniplates: a case report.

This case report describes an inlay augmentation procedure with resorbable bone plates and fixation screws in a case of vertical atrophy of the anterior mandible. After 3 months from the surgery, vertical bone height augmentation was evaluated, and at the time of implant insertion, core biopsies from the grafted area were taken. Moreover, 8 months after the start of prosthetic loading, radiographic assessments showed no pathological signs.

Immediate fixed implant rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla after bilateral sinus floor augmentation: a 12-month pilot study.

Purposes: The aims of this study were to evaluate a surgical/prosthetic protocol for the immediate rehabilitation of the augmented edentulous maxilla, and to compare the outcomes of implants placed in grafted (test group) versus native (control group) sites in the same patients.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients were included in the study. Each patient was treated with a bilateral sinus augmentation procedure using a 50:50 composite graft of autogenous mandibular bone and bovine hydroxyapatite.

Hippocampal synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease: what have we learned so far from transgenic models?

Transgenic (Tg) mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are used to investigate mechanisms underlying disease pathology and identify therapeutic strategies. Most Tg AD models, which at least partly recapitulate the AD phenotype, are based on insertion of one or more human mutations (identified in Familial AD) into the mouse genome, with the notable exception of the anti-NGF mouse, which is based on the cholinergic unbalance hypothesis. It has recently emerged that impaired hippocampal synaptic function is an early detectable pathological alteration, well before the advanced stage of amyloid plaque accumulation and general cell death.

Influence of mitochondrial membrane potential of spermatozoa on in vitro fertilisation outcome.

To determine whether the outcome of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) is influenced by the percentage of spermatozoa with functional mitochondria, a total of 91 random couples undergoing IVF were included. Mitochondrial function was determined by flow cytometry and expressed as percentage of spermatozoa. Conventional sperm parameters were studied by light microscopy.

Viral-mediated expression of a constitutively active form of cAMP response element binding protein in the dentate gyrus increases long term synaptic plasticity.

The transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a key player in synaptic plasticity and learning. Phosphorylation of CREB induced by neuronal activity leads to gene transcription, a process thought to contribute to memory formation. We have previously reported that increasing CREB activity in glutamatergic CA1 pyramidal neurons or in dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells is sufficient to enhance hippocampal-dependent memory formation.

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of new epithelium after removal of oral leukoplakia with Nd:YAG laser treatment.

Laser excision has been used with increasing success to treat oral leukoplakia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether clinical healing of a leukoplakia after laser surgery is associated with a normal functional status of the new epithelium and whether pathological alterations in these parameters are related to the risk of local recurrence. The study population consisted of 13 consecutive patients with oral leukoplakia in which clinical healing was achieved after laser therapy using an Nd:YAG laser (Model 6000, Laser Sonics, Cooper Laser Sonics).

Phosphatidylserine metabolism in human lymphoblastic cells exposed to chromium (VI).

Objective: Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are widely found in different working environments. These compounds can cause apoptosis in human cells, but the mechanisms underlying chromium-induced apoptosis are not clear. A marker of apoptosis is the exposure of phosphatidylserine on cell membrane and the modification of phosphatidylserine metabolism.

South African plants used in traditional medicine to treat epilepsy have an antagonistic effect on NMDA receptor currents.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Several Searsia species (Anacardiaceae), including Searsia dentata and Searsia pyroides, are used in South Africa traditional medicine to treat epilepsy. Ethanol leaf extracts of these plants have been shown to act as possible antagonists of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors.

Materials And Methods: Leaf material of three Searsia species were collected from the Botanical Garden at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg; dried and extracted with ethanol in an ultrasound bath.

High mobility group box 1 is a novel substrate of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV.

Aims/hypothesis: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a cytokine with a key role in tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that topical application of HMGB1 to skin wounds of mouse models of diabetes enhanced vessel density and accelerated wound healing, suggesting that diabetes may affect endogenous HMGB1 functions. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV/CD26) is a protease whose activity is increased in diabetes and whose inhibition improves glucose tolerance.

Role of chemotherapy in the management of vulvar carcinoma.

The aim of this review is to evaluate the use of chemotherapy (CT) in the treatment of squamous vulvar cancer. Since the 90s there was a continuous evolution in the therapeutic approach to this tumour. Although primary surgery is now considered the most effective approach, there are advanced diseases in which surgery may compromise anatomical structures causing severe mutilation.

A prospective phase II study of topotecan (Hycamtin®) and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, toxicity and activity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) using cisplatin and topotecan in patients affected by locally advanced cervical cancer (IB2-IIIB).

Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed FIGO stage IB2-IIIB uterine cervical cancer were treated with topotecan 0.75 mg/m(2)/day (days 1-3) followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) (day 1), every 21 days for three consecutive cycles.

Melatonin protects PLPC liposomes and LDL towards radical-induced oxidation.

This study investigated the in vitro protective effects of melatonin against oxidation of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PLPC) liposomes [(PLPC) = 250 μm] and low-density lipoproteins (LDL, 3 g/L total concentration) by hydroxyl radicals produced by water gamma radiolysis. Conjugated dienes (CD) and hydroperoxides from cholesteryl esters (CEOOH) and phospholipids (PCOOH) were measured as indices of lipid peroxidation. Protein (apoB) oxidation in LDL was assessed by carbonyl groups.

Chronic daily headache: suggestion for the neuromuscular oral therapy.

Tweny patients (M: 4, F: 16, mean age 37 ± 11 years) with diagnosis of chronic daily headache (CDH), after drug withdrawal, were under electromyography, kinesiography and masticatory muscle deprogramming by TENS to identify the physiological rest position of the mandible. Our purpose was to clarify a possible role of the neuromuscular stomatognathic system. Examinations showed that 17 patients needed a neuromuscular orthosis, an occlusal device, to provisionally correct the detected discrepancies of jaw position.

Viral-mediated expression of a constitutively active form of CREB in the dentate gyrus does not induce abnormally enduring fear memory.

Increasing CREB-dependent transcription in dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells in vivo using viral-mediated expression of a constitutively active form of CREB (CREBCA) is sufficient to enhance contextual fear memory but whether this treatment renders memory abnormally enduring is unknown. Here we confirm that over-expressing CREBCA in the DG increases retention of contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and show that this memory decays normally. Specifically, the retention scores of CREBCA mice are significantly higher than those of GFP-infected controls 24h after the conditioning, but match them after a longer exposure session and are still in the same range 48 h later.

Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of liver mimicking late ovarian cancer recurrence: case report and literature review.

Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) is a rare, benign, lymphocytic tumour-like lesion reported in various organs. It has been previously identified in 18 cases in the English-language literature, but only 5 of them were related to oncological disease. No previous cases have been described of RLH occurring in ovarian cancer patients.

Influence of implant-abutment interface design on bone and soft tissue levels around immediately placed and restored single-tooth implants: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of single implants immediately placed and restored with two different implant-abutment connections.

Materials And Methods: Forty subjects requiring single maxillary premolar replacement were consecutively included in this study and prospectively followed for 12 months. One implant was placed at the time of tooth extraction and immediately restored in each patient.

Treatment of intrabony defects after impacted mandibular third molar removal with bioabsorbable and non-resorbable membranes.

Background: Mandibular second molar (M2) periodontal defects after third molar (M3) removal in high-risk patients are a clinical dilemma for clinicians. This study compares the healing of periodontal intrabony defects at distal surfaces of mandibular M2s using bioabsorbable and non-resorbable membranes.

Methods: Eleven patients with bilateral probing depths (PDs) ≥6 mm distal to mandibular M2s and intrabony defects ≥3 mm, related to the total impaction of M3s, were treated with M3 extraction and covering of the surgical bone defect with a bioabsorbable collagen barrier on one side and a non-resorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) barrier contralaterally.