Child development and distance learning in the age of COVID-19.

School closures, forcibly brought about by the COVID-19 crisis in many countries, have impacted children's lives and their learning processes. The heterogeneous implementation of distance learning solutions is likely to bring a substantial increase in education inequality, with long term consequences. The present study uses data from a survey collected during Spring 2020 lockdown in France and Italy to analyze parents' evaluations of their children's home schooling process and emotional well-being at time of school closure, and the role played by different distance learning methods in shaping these perceptions.

Pharmacoutilization and costs of osteoarthritis: changes induced by the introduction of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor into clinical practice.

Objective: To establish whether the introduction of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor has led to changes in pharmacoutilization in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in clinical practice.

Methods: Administrative and general practice databases were cross-linked to analyse the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and gastroprotective agents (GPAs) before and after the introduction of rofecoxib. Costs of treatment and costs of hospitalization for gastrointestinal events were also considered.

Use of technetium-99m-MAG3 for renal scintigraphy after angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition.

Technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3) was tested in 82 hypertensive patients submitted to renal scintigraphy 1 hr after oral premedication with 50 mg of Captopril. Baseline studies were obtained only for those patients showing abnormal findings in the provocative study. All patients underwent renal arteriography.

Evaluation of hypertensive patients by means of captopril enhanced renal scintigraphy with technetium-99m DTPA.

One-hundred five hypertensive patients underwent conventional renal scintigraphy followed 2 or 3 days later by Captopril-enhanced renal scintigraphy, performed 1 hr after premedication with 50 mg of Captopril per os. All patients were then submitted to renal arteriography, performed within 15-30 days. Fifty-five patients had no renal artery stenosis, 29 had unilateral disease, and 21 bilateral.

Modified radical neck dissection for metastatic carcinoma of the thyroid. A reappraisal.

From January 1958 through December 1983, 56 modified radical neck dissections were performed on 47 patients with metastases to the cervical nodes from differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid. In nine patients, a second modified radical neck dissection was performed either simultaneously or at a later date. Lymph node clearance was performed on all but one surgical specimen.

An unusual cause of cervical adenopathy. Extramedullary hematopoiesis.

A painless lateral neck mass in an otherwise healthy 58-year-old man is a frequent diagnostic problem. We have recently seen such a patient with a cervical neck mass whose preoperative evaluation findings were normal. Excisional biopsy revealed a lymph node exhibiting changes compatible with extramedullary hematopoiesis.

Renal cell carcinoma presenting as a primary parotid gland tumor.

A 62-year-old Caucasian man presented with a slow-growing 3 by 3 cm. mass in the left preauricular region. The pathologist's report on the surgical specimen favored a diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma but recommended evaluation of the patient for possible metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Surgical management of recurring or metastatic thyroid cancer.

The surgical oncologist is sometimes confronted with a patient who was surgically treated for cancer of the thyroid gland and now has recurrent disease. In most instances, additional surgical treatment is indicated. The magnitude of surgery is primarily determined by the amount of tissue removed at the original operation.

The diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma during the postoperative period after less than total thyroidectomy.

In clinical practice, small or localized thyroid cancer is often missed at the time of surgery and is diagnosed only later after the pathologist has been able to study multiple sections. Our data suggest that patients with early or localized thyroid cancer can be controlled with less than total thyroidectomy. If the nodule is completely excised without fracture (preferably lobectomy) or not cut into, if there is no evidence of metastatic disease either by palpation or frozen section, and if gross examination of the surgical specimen and frozen sections is negative for carcinoma, it is our policy to place these individuals on a regimen of observation only.

Management of "localized" oral cancer.

We have outlined the clinical manifestations of "localized" malignant lesions of the intraoral cavity, their clinical behavior after intraoral excision, and their control rate employing intraoral excision as primary therapy. We must keep in mind that these small "localized" cancers are potential "killers" and the five year mortality from disease in our series was 25 per cent. This mortality may decrease with (1) more careful selection when patients are included in the "localized" lesion group and (2) earlier use of composite procedures in questionable cases.

Influence of initial neck node biopsy on the incidence of recurrence in the neck and survival in patients who subsequently undergo curative resectional surgery.

During a period of 23 years, 57 patients who had an initial neck node biopsy elsewhere, with the diagnosis of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma established, underwent curative resection by our department after the site of head and neck primary was found. Ten patients free of disease died of other causes, leaving 47 patients who were eligible for at least 3 years of follow-up. Ninteen patients are alive after 3 or more years.

Function and appearance following surgery for intraoral cancer.

Operations for intraoral carcinoma do produce deformities and loss of function. Historically, surgeons have constantly tried to correct or improve these deficiencies. The tendency on the part of the surgeon is to replace each bit of tissue removed, hoping that if the site appears normal the patient will be normal.

Preoperative irradiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Does it improve five year survival or control figures?

1. A well defined group of patients have been studied. 2.

Epstein-Barr Virus antibodies in patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx and carcinoma of other sites in the head and neck.

Serum antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus were significantly elevated in a group of twenty-three patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma as compared with eighty-six patients with cancer of other sites in the head and neck and 222 age-matched controls. Our findings in this group of patients support the suggestion of an association between the Epstein-Barr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.