Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Halogen-Substituted Non-Metal Pyridine Schiff Bases.

Four synthetic Schiff bases (PSB1 [(E)-2-(((4-aminopyridin-3-yl)imino)methyl)-4,6-dibromophenol], PSB2 [(E)-2-(((4-aminopyridin-3-yl)imino)methyl)-4,6-diiodophenol], PSB3 [(E)-2-(((4-aminopyridin-3-yl)imino)methyl)-4-iodophenol], and PSB4 [(E)-2-(((4-aminopyridin-3-yl)imino)methyl)-4-chloro-6-iodophenol]) were fully characterized. These compounds exhibit an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group of the phenolic ring and the nitrogen of the azomethine group, contributing to their stability. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated against various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and it was found that the synthetic pyridine Schiff bases, as well as their precursors, showed no discernible antimicrobial effect on Gram-negative bacteria, including Typhi (and mutant derivatives), Typhimurium, , and .

Efficacy of Alum-Adjuvanted Peptide and Carbohydrate Conjugate Vaccine Candidates against Group A Pharyngeal Infection in a Non-Human Primate Model.

Vaccine development against group A (GAS) has gained traction in the last decade, fuelled by recognition of the significant worldwide burden of the disease. Several vaccine candidates are currently being evaluated in preclinical and early clinical studies. Here, we investigate two conjugate vaccine candidates that have shown promise in mouse models of infection.

A magnetic massive star has experienced a stellar merger.

Massive stars (those ≥8 solar masses at formation) have radiative envelopes that cannot sustain a dynamo, the mechanism that produces magnetic fields in lower-mass stars. Despite this, approximately 7% of massive stars have observed magnetic fields, the origin of which is debated. We used multi-epoch interferometric and spectroscopic observations to characterize HD 148937, a binary system of two massive stars.

β-lactam-induced OMV release promotes polymyxin tolerance in sv. Typhi.

The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a global concern, leading to a renewed reliance on older antibiotics like polymyxins as a last resort. Polymyxins, cationic cyclic peptides synthesized nonribosomally, feature a hydrophobic acyl tail and positively charged residues. Their antimicrobial mechanism involves initial interaction with Gram-negative bacterial outer-membrane components through polar and hydrophobic interactions.

"One for All": Functional Transfer of OMV-Mediated Polymyxin B Resistance From sv. Typhi Δ and Δ to Susceptible Bacteria.

The appearance of multi-resistant strains has contributed to reintroducing polymyxin as the last-line therapy. Although polymyxin resistance is based on bacterial envelope changes, other resistance mechanisms are being reported. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanosized proteoliposomes secreted from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

Association of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy Prevalence With Socioeconomic Status in a Cohort of Chilean Infants.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) prevalence in 2 cohorts of children from different socioeconomic strata.

Methods: Prospective birth cohort that included patients from 2 hospitals providing care for a low- and high-income population, respectively. Healthy newborns ≥34 gestational weeks were recruited and followed up to 12 months by a monthly telephone survey.

Does changing to brighter road lighting improve road safety? Multilevel longitudinal analysis of road traffic collision frequency during the relighting of a UK city.

Background: A step change in the night environment is taking place, with the large-scale installation of bright, broad-spectrum road lighting such as white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). One justification for this is a reduction in road traffic collisions (RTCs). This study aimed to estimate the effect of new lighting on personal injury RTCs within a large UK city.

Prevalence of and Shiga toxin-producing in zoo animals from Chile.

and Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) are foodborne pathogens. Here, we report the prevalence of and STEC in feces of 316 zoo animals belonging to 61 species from Chile. and STEC strains were detected in 7.

A five year longitudinal study investigating the prevalence of childhood obesity: comparison of BMI and waist circumference.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of obesity over time in the same individuals comparing body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to height ratio (WHtR).

Study Design: Five year longitudinal repeated measures study (2005-2010). Children were aged 11-12 (Y7) years at baseline and measurements were repeated at age 13-14 (Y9) years and 15-16 (Y11) years.

Area-level deprivation and adiposity in children: is the relationship linear?

Objective: It has been suggested that childhood obesity is inversely associated with deprivation, such that the prevalence is higher in more deprived groups. However, comparatively few studies actually use an area-level measure of deprivation, limiting the scope to assess trends in the association with obesity for this indicator. Furthermore, most assume a linear relationship.

Self-care in primary care: findings from a longitudinal comparison study.

Aim: To examine the effects of self-care training workshops for primary healthcare workers on frequently attending patients.

Background: Interventions to promote self-care in frequent users of primary care services have had mixed results. This paper reports an evaluation of a self-care initiative that aimed to develop a practice-based strategy to support self-care.

The self-care for people initiative: the outcome evaluation.

Aim: To determine the effects of a community-based training programme in self-care on the lay population.

Background: Self Care is recognised as being a cornerstone of the populations health, but to date there have been few large-scale studies of its effectiveness on the general public. This paper reports on an evaluation of a self-care skills training course delivered in small group sessions within workplace and parent and toddler group settings to a lay population.

Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth.

Background: Perineal trauma is common during childbirth and may be painful. Contemporary maternity practice includes offering women numerous forms of pain relief, including the local application of cooling treatments.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of localised cooling treatments compared with no treatment, other forms of cooling treatments and non-cooling treatments.

Comparison of post-treatment effects of conventional and acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): A randomised placebo-controlled study using cold-induced pain and healthy human participants.

TENS can be administered in conventional (high frequency, low intensity) or acupuncture-like (AL-TENS: low frequency, high intensity) formats. It is claimed that AL-TENS produces stronger and longer-lasting hypoalgesia than conventional TENS, although evidence is lacking. This randomised controlled parallel group study compared the effects of 30 minutes of AL-TENS, conventional TENS, and placebo (no current) TENS, on cold-pressor pain threshold (CPT), in 43 healthy participants.

Cross-sectional comparisons of BMI and waist circumference in British children: mixed public health messages.

Research suggests that there has been a leveling off in obesity prevalence occurring in the child population. However, a concern with the evidence base is that all of the studies have relied upon the use of BMI. The purpose of this study was to compare waist circumference (WC), BMI, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) data in three different sample of children (total number: 14,697) typically aged 11-12 years.

Conventional versus acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cold-induced pain in healthy human participants: effects during stimulation.

Objectives:   To compare the hypoalgesic effects of conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) (high frequency, low intensity) and acupuncture-like TENS (AL-TENS, low frequency, high intensity) on cold-induced pain.

Design: Randomized controlled parallel group study comparing the effects of strong non-painful AL-TENS, conventional TENS and placebo (no current) TENS on cold-pressor pain threshold (CPT) and pain intensity. Two baseline (pre-intervention) measures and three during intervention measures of CPT and cold pain intensity (four point category scale) were recorded.

Arthroscopic treatment of labral tears in femoroacetabular impingement: a comparative study of refixation and resection with a minimum two-year follow-up.

Labral tears are commonly associated with femoroacetabular impingement. We reviewed 151 patients (156 hips) with femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears who had been treated arthroscopically. These were subdivided into those who had undergone a labral repair (group 1) and those who had undergone resection of the labrum (group 2).

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for phantom pain and stump pain following amputation in adults.

Background: Amputee pain may present in a body part that has been amputated (phantom pain) or at the site of amputation (stump pain), or both. Phantom pain and stump pain are complex and multidimensional and the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. The mainstay treatments for phantom pain and stump pain are predominately pharmacological.

The effectiveness of walking stick use for neurogenic claudication: results from a randomized trial and the effects on walking tolerance and posture.

Unlabelled: Comer CM, Johnson MI, Marchant PR, Redmond AC, Bird HA, Conaghan PG. The effectiveness of walking stick use for neurogenic claudication: results from a randomized trial and the effects on walking tolerance and posture.

Objectives: To determine the immediate effects of using a stick on walking tolerance and on the potential explanatory variable of posture, and to provide a preliminary evaluation of the effects of daily walking stick use on symptoms and function for people with neurogenic claudication.

A preliminary investigation into the effect of coffee on hypolagesia associated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive, inexpensive analgesic technique used to relieve pain. It has been suggested that caffeine, an adenosine antagonist, may interfere with TENS action. This double-blind controlled pilot study investigated the effect of coffee on response to TENS in healthy human participants experiencing experimentally induced pain.

Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth.

Background: Perineal trauma is common during childbirth and may be painful. Contemporary maternity practice includes offering women numerous forms of pain relief, including the local application of cooling treatments.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of localised cooling treatments compared with no treatment, other forms of cooling treatments and non-cooling treatments.