Correction to: Molecular characterization of a human group C rotavirus detected first in Turkey.

This article was unintentionally published twice in this journal, by the same authors. Following should be considered the version of record and used for citation purposes: "Mitui, M.T.

Human bocavirus in patients with encephalitis, Sri Lanka, 2009-2010.

We identified human bocavirus (HBoV) DNA by PCR in cerebrospinal fluid from adults and children with encephalitis in Sri Lanka. HBoV types 1, 2, and 3 were identified among these cases. Phylogenetic analysis of HBoV1 strain sequences found no subclustering with strains previously identified among encephalitis cases in Bangladesh.

Detection and molecular characterization of diarrhea causing viruses in single and mixed infections in children: a comparative study between Bangladesh and Turkey.

The incidence and mortality caused by diarrhea differ among countries. The prevalence of different enteric viruses, their molecular characteristics, and infections with multiple viruses might affect the disease incidence and mortality caused by diarrhea. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and molecular characteristics of enteric viruses in children with diarrhea in Turkey and Bangladesh.

Complete Genome Sequence of an MLB2 Astrovirus from a Turkish Child with Diarrhea.

Only two complete genome sequences of MLB2 astroviruses are available, one from an Indian child with diarrhea and another from plasma of an American child. Here we report the complete MLB2 genome sequence from a Turkish child with diarrhea. This MLB2 astrovirus genome sequence shows high nucleotide identity with the American MLB2.

Complete Genome Sequences of Two Astrovirus MLB1 Strains from Bhutanese Children with Diarrhea.

In addition to the eight genotypes of classic human astroviruses, seven new genotypes have been reported from two novel clades, MLB and VA. However, the epidemiology of these highly diverse astroviruses remains largely unknown. We report here the complete genome sequences of two MLB1 strains from Bhutanese children with diarrhea.

Inaccurate identification of rotavirus genotype G9 as genotype G3 strains due to primer mismatch.

Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR is now the standard method for typing group A rotaviruses (RVA) to monitor the circulating genotypes in a population. Selection of primers that can accurately type the circulating genotypes is crucial in the context of vaccine introduction and correctly interpreting the impact of vaccination on strain distribution. To our knowledge this study is the first report from Asia of misidentification of genotype G9 as G3 due to a primer-template mismatch.

Evaluation of an improved rapid neutralizing antibody detection test (RAPINA) for qualitative and semiquantitative detection of rabies neutralizing antibody in humans and dogs.

Using the principle of immunochromatography, we previously developed a method called RAPINA (Rapid Neutralizing Antibody detection test) that can measure the level of rabies virus -neutralizing antibody (VNA) in serum samples [Shiota S, Mannen K, Matsumoto T, Yamada K, Yasui T, Takayama K, et al. Development and evaluation of a rapid neutralizing antibody test for rabies. J Virol Methods 2009;161:58-62].

Serial passage of a street rabies virus in mouse neuroblastoma cells resulted in attenuation: potential role of the additional N-glycosylation of a viral glycoprotein in the reduced pathogenicity of street rabies virus.

Street rabies viruses are field isolates known to be highly neurotropic. However, the viral elements related to their pathogenicity have yet to be identified at the nucleotide or amino acid level. Here, through 30 passages in mouse neuroblastoma NA cells, we have established an attenuated variant of street rabies virus strain 1088, originating from a rabid woodchuck followed by 2 passages in the brains of suckling mice.

Detection of human bocavirus in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with encephalitis.

We report 4 children with encephalitis associated with human bocavirus (HBoV) 1 or 2. All children were severely underweight, and 2 died; 1 of them had a matching HBoV2 nucleotide sequence isolated from serum and bocavirus like particles in the cerebrospinal fluid that were observed with electron microscopy. No further pathogens were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of these patients.

Co-dominance of G1 and emerging G3 rotaviruses in Hong Kong: a three-year surveillance in three major hospitals.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends rotavirus vaccines be included in all national immunization programs as part of a strategy to control diarrhoeal diseases. Sentinel surveillance is advised to monitor impact post-vaccine introduction and to document changes in genotype distribution.

Objectives: To determine the molecular epidemiology of circulating rotaviruses in Hong Kong prior to implementation of universal rotavirus vaccination.

Efficacy of oncolytic reovirus against human gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis in experimental animal model.

The prognosis of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination is extremely poor, and the development of an effective treatment is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of oncolytic reovirus against peritoneal metastasis in human gastric cancer using an experimental animal model. Four human gastric cancer cell lines, including MKN45p, NUGC4, MKN7 and KatoIII, a normal NIH3T3 cell line as a control, and reovirus serotype 3, were used in this study.

Molecular characterization of VP7 gene of human rotaviruses from Bangladesh.

This study was carried out during July 2005-June 2006, to characterize rotaviruses circulating in Bangladeshi children less than 5 years attended a peri-urban hospital. The proportion of rotavirus diarrhea was 39.5%.

Rotavirus infections with multiple emerging genotypes in Sri Lanka.

Rotavirus diarrhea is an important cause of child mortality in developing countries, but studies on this diarrhea are scarce in Sri Lanka. A prospective study conducted in Sri Lanka on rotavirus infection among children in a hospital setting (n = 611) versus children residing in tsunami camps (n = 52) showed that prevalence of rotavirus infection was comparable, 21.9 and 20%, respectively.

Molecular characterization of a human group C rotavirus detected first in Turkey.

The present study was done to find out the prevalence of group B and C rotavirus infections in children with diarrhea presented at two major hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. Group B rotavirus was not found in any samples. One of 122 samples was positive for group C rotavirus.