Action of dithiocarbimates salts on the honey bee and its pathogen Nosema ceranae.

Apis mellifera, crucial pollinators for both native and cultivated plants, also yield various products such as honey, wax, royal jelly, and propolis, extensively utilized in the food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics industries. Nosema ceranae, a prevalent microsporidian worldwide, stands as a significant pathogen for A. mellifera, showing resistance to conventional antibiotics.

Zinc-dithiocarbimates for the control of Hemileia vastatrix: a versatile alternative.

Background: The purpose of this work was to investigate the potential use of zinc-dithiocarbimate salts to control Hemileia vastatrix, the causal agent of the coffee leaf rust disease, and to evaluate their toxicity towards Apis mellifera, one of the most important coffee plant pollinators.

Results: Zinc-dithiocarbimate salts were prepared and fully characterized by infrared, proton ( H) and carbon-13 ( C) nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analyses of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn). X-ray diffraction technique studies confirmed the proposed structures.