Seminal plasma features of Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus throughout two consecutives spawning seasons.

This study aims to describe seminal plasma characteristics, detect changes during and between two consecutive spawning seasons (SS), and compare plasma features between two important South American fish species. Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus sperm was collected over two (SS1; SS2). Each season was divided into first and second sampling periods (P1; P2).

Treatment of fecal impaction in children using combined polyethylene glycol and sodium picosulphate.

Background And Aim: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the gold standard for fecal disimpaction in constipation. A regimen of PEG combined with the stimulant laxative sodium picosulphate (SPS) produced fecal disimpaction in chronically constipated children in the community, but it is unknown if it is effective for more severe constipation. To determine the stool output and effect of a combined PEG and SPS regimen on fecaloma in children with severe constipation and impaction.

Higher environmental temperatures promote acceleration of spermatogenesis in vivo in mice (Mus musculus).

Temperature is considered a crucial modulator of reproductive activity and testis homeostasis. It is well known that elevated temperatures cause several effects on testicular components, particularly on germ cells, which might lead to the impairment of spermatogenesis and loss of male fertility. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different environmental temperatures on several morphofunctional testis parameters, with emphasis on duration of spermatogenesis and spermatogenic efficiency.

Morphofunctional evaluation of the testis, duration of spermatogenesis and spermatogenic efficiency in the Japanese fancy mouse (Mus musculus molossinus).

Japanese fancy mouse, mini mouse or pet mouse are common names used to refer to strains of mice that present with different colour varieties and coat types. Although many genetic studies that involve spotting phenotype based on the coat have been performed in these mice, there are no reports of quantitative data in the literature regarding testis structure and spermatogenic efficiency. Hence, in this study we researched testis function and spermatogenesis in the adult Japanese fancy mouse.

Sperm quality and its freezing ability throughout the spawning season in Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus.

The aim of this study was to determine fresh and frozen sperm quality evaluated over two spawning seasons (2013-2014; 2014-2015) in Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus. The spawning seasons were divided into two sampling periods: November to December and January to February. Males were hand-stripped after carp pituitary treatment.

Osmolality and composition of the activating solution affects motility of fresh and frozen Prochilodus lineatus sperm differently.

Osmolality and composition of the activating solution on motility of fresh and frozen Prochilodus lineatus sperm were evaluated. Sperm was triggered in 11 solutions prepared with reverse osmosis (RO) water (∼0mOsmkg(-1)), and glucose or NaCl adjusted to 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250mOsmkg(-1). Sperm motility rate and velocities (curvilinear=VCL, among others) were evaluated in fresh sperm at 10, 30 and 50s post-activation (spa), and in frozen sperm at 10 spa only.

Storage and transportation of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes) sperm prior to cryopreservation.

In this study we compared post-thaw quality of P. lineatus sperm frozen shortly after collection, with sperm frozen after dilution and transportation, and up to 6h from collection. From each sperm sample (n=10 males) five aliquots were taken.

Sperm dilution ratio affects post-thaw motility rate and velocity of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes) sperm.

There is a lack of standardization in sperm cryopreservation of aquatic organisms and, thus, a necessity of more accurate investigations in all steps of this process. In this study, the effects of sperm dilution ratio on post-thaw sperm quality of Prochilodus lineatus were evaluated. Sperm was diluted in a standard freezing medium (glucose and methyl glycol) at four different ratios (sperm to final volume = 1:5, 1:10, 1:50 or 1:100), frozen in a nitrogen vapour vessel at -170°C and then stored in liquid nitrogen vessel at -196°C.

Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans May Promote or Inhibit Cancer Progression by Interacting with Integrins and Affecting Cell Migration.

The metastatic disease is one of the main consequences of tumor progression, being responsible for most cancer-related deaths worldwide. This review intends to present and discuss data on the relationship between integrins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans in health and cancer progression. Integrins are a family of cell surface transmembrane receptors, responsible for cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion.

Immunoregulatory Role of Myeloid-derived Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

As the frontiers of immunological research expand, new insights into the pathogenesis of long poorly understood diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are opening up new possible avenues for treatment. Myeloid-derived cells (i.e.

Methyl glycol, methanol and DMSO effects on post-thaw motility, velocities, membrane integrity and mitochondrial function of Brycon orbignyanus and Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes) sperm.

The aim of this study was to use more accurate techniques to investigate the effects of cryoprotectants (CPAs) and extenders on post-thaw sperm quality of Brycon orbignyanus and Prochilodus lineatus. Six freezing media comprising the combination of three CPAs (DMSO, methanol and methyl glycol) and two extenders (BTS and glucose) were used. Sperm was diluted in each medium, loaded into 0.

Gamete quality of streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes) after GnRHa and dopamine antagonist treatment.

The efficiency of Ovaprim™ salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and dopamine antagonist on the induction of spawning and spermiation in Prochilodus lineatus in comparison with the commonly used method using pituitary extract (PE) was evaluated. Females received PE at 0.5 + 5.

Leucine and HMB differentially modulate proteasome system in skeletal muscle under different sarcopenic conditions.

In the present study we have compared the effects of leucine supplementation and its metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) on the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the PI3K/Akt pathway during two distinct atrophic conditions, hindlimb immobilization and dexamethasone treatment. Leucine supplementation was able to minimize the reduction in rat soleus mass driven by immobilization. On the other hand, leucine supplementation was unable to provide protection against soleus mass loss in dexamethasone treated rats.

Unusual manifestations of a common gastrointestinal disorder.

We present an instructive case of a 13-year old male who presented with bilateral scrotal redness, swelling and tenderness, but with a normal testicular exam. His scrotal swelling persisted despite treatment with intravenous antibiotics, and on further history he reported 2 years of intermittent upper lip swelling. After a referral to a dermatologist, a lip biopsy showed granulomatous changes and he was referred to the gastroenterology department.

Exercise training prevents oxidative stress and ubiquitin-proteasome system overactivity and reverse skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is known to lead to skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction. However, intracellular mechanisms underlying HF-induced myopathy are not fully understood. We hypothesized that HF would increase oxidative stress and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) activation in skeletal muscle of sympathetic hyperactivity mouse model.

Characterization of testicular expression of P450 17α-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase in zebrafish and its perturbation by the pharmaceutical fungicide clotrimazole.

The aim of the present study was to characterize P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (cyp17a1) expression in zebrafish and to assess the effect of the pharmaceutical clotrimazole, a known inhibitor of various cytochrome P450 enzyme activities, on testicular gene and protein expression of this enzyme as well as on the testicular release of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), a potent androgen in fish. We first showed that cyp17a1 is predominantly expressed in gonads of zebrafish, notably in male. In vivo, clotrimazole induced a concentration-dependent increase of cyp17a1 gene expression and Cyp17-I protein synthesis in zebrafish testis.

Effect of different resistance-training regimens on the WNT-signaling pathway.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of strength and power training on the expression of genes related to the canonical WNT pathway and β-catenin protein levels in physically active men. Twenty-five subjects (27.4 ± 4.

Duration of spermatogenesis and spermatogenic efficiency in 2 large neotropical rodent species: the agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) and paca (Agouti paca).

The agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) and paca (Agouti paca) are among the largest extant rodent species. Although these species have considerable economic potential, there are few reports in the literature concerning male reproductive biology in sexually mature agoutis and pacas. The objectives of the present study were to perform detailed stereologic and histologic analyses of the testis and estimate spermatogenic cycle length in these 2 Neotropical rodent species as well as to compare the data with those from other well-studied rodent members of the Hystricomorpha and Myomorpha suborders.

Leucine attenuates skeletal muscle wasting via inhibition of ubiquitin ligases.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of leucine supplementation on elements of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in rat skeletal muscle during immobilization. This effect was evaluated by submitting the animals to a leucine supplementation protocol during hindlimb immobilization, after which different parameters were determined, including: muscle mass; cross-sectional area (CSA); gene expression of E3 ligases/deubiquitinating enzymes; content of ubiquitinated proteins; and rate of protein synthesis. Our results show that leucine supplementation attenuates soleus muscle mass loss driven by immobilization.

Spermatogenic cycle length and sperm production in a feral pig species (collared peccary, Tayassu tajacu).

Although the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) is found throughout the Americas, with a high potential for domestication and commercial exploitation, there are few data on the reproductive biology of this mammalian species. The aim of the present study was to investigate testis structure, spermatogenic cycle length, Sertoli cell efficiency, and spermatogenic efficiency. Twelve adult peccaries were used for biometrical, histological, and stereological analyses; 3 of these peccaries received intratesticular injections of (3)H-thymidine for the determination of the duration of spermatogenesis.

The role of angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas in spermatogenesis in mice and rats.

Evidence regarding the components of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system suggests that this system plays an important role in male reproduction. However, there are few data available in the literature on the effects of Ang-(1-7) on the male reproductive system. The present study investigated the effects of the genetic deletion and chronic blockage of Ang-(1-7) receptor Mas on spermatogenesis and male fertility.

Oestrogen-induced androgen insufficiency results in a reduction of proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia in the zebrafish testis.

Androgens can induce complete spermatogenesis in immature or prepubertal teleost fish. However, many aspects of the role of androgens in adult teleost spermatogenesis have remained elusive. Since oestrogens inhibit androgen synthesis, we used an oestrogen-induced androgen depletion model to identify androgen-dependent stages during adult zebrafish spermatogenesis.

Histological and stereological evaluation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) spermatogenesis with an emphasis on spermatogonial generations.

The zebrafish has become an important vertebrate model for basic and biomedical research, including the research field of the biology of reproduction. However, very few morphological and stereological data are available regarding zebrafish testis structure and spermatogenesis. In this careful histomorphometric evaluation of the testis, we studied spermatogonial cells using molecular markers, determined the combined duration of meiotic and spermiogenic phases, and examined the formation of the Sertoli cell barrier (tight junctions).