Cytotoxic and genotoxic profiles of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin and its microformulation Karate® in CHO-K1 cells.

Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and its microformulation Karate® (25 % a.i.) were analysed for its genotoxicity and cytotoxicity on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells.

Do environmentally relevant concentrations of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid induce DNA damage and oxidative stress on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842)?

Lethal and sublethal effects of imidacloprid (IMI) were assessed on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae) by acute exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of the commercial formulation Punto 35® (Gleba S.A.) under laboratory conditions.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic assessments of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in in vitro mammalian cells.

A combined approach employing alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (MNs) cytome bioassays was adopted to assess the deleterious properties of the auxinic 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its microparticulated low volatility product Dedalo Elite (30% a.i.) on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells.

Genotoxicity of mixtures of glyphosate with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid chemical forms towards Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces, Poeciliidae).

Acute genotoxicity of commercial glyphosate (GLY) (Credit®)-, 2,4-D-acid (2,4-D) (Dedalo Elite)-, 2,4-D-amine (2,4-D DMA) (Weedar Full®)- and 2,4-D-ester (2,4-D BE) (Herbifen Super®)-based herbicide formulations alone and their combinations were analysed in Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Mortality was evaluated as a lethal end-point and the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) bioassay was used as a sublethal end-point. LC50 values for Dedalo Elite was 0.

Toxicity to Rhinella arenarum tadpoles (Anura, Bufonidae) of herbicide mixtures commonly used to treat fallow containing resistant weeds: glyphosate-dicamba and glyphosate-flurochloridone.

Glyphosate (GLY)-dicamba (DIC) and GLY-flurochloridone (FLC) are herbicide mixtures which are widely used for treating fallow containing glyphosate resistant weeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxic effects and the prevailing interactions on stage 36 tadpoles of the anuran species Rhinella arenarum when exposed to equitoxic and non-equitoxic combinations of these herbicide combinations. Experiments were realized using the following combinations of commercial formulations: 48% GLY-based Credit® + 57.

An imazethapyr-based herbicide formulation induces genotoxic, biochemical, and individual organizational effects in Leptodactylus latinasus tadpoles (Anura: Leptodactylidae).

Genotoxic, biochemical, and individual organizational effects on Leptodactylus latinasus tadpoles were evaluated after exposure to an imazethapyr (IMZT)-based commercial herbicide formulation, Pivot® H (10.59% IMZT). A determination of the value of the lethal concentration (LC50) was determined as a toxicological endpoint.

Auxinic herbicides induce oxidative stress on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae).

Pesticides might increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dicamba (DIC) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are auxinic herbicides commonly applied in agroecosystems to control unwanted weeds. We analysed the oxidative damage exerted on the fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus by an acute exposure to DIC- and 2,4-D-based herbicides formulations Banvel® and DMA®, respectively.

DNA damage exerted by mixtures of commercial formulations of glyphosate and imazethapyr herbicides in Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) tadpoles.

Glyphosate (GLY) and imazethapyr (IMZT) are two herbicides commonly used worldwide, either alone or in mixtures. They represent key pesticides in modern agricultural management. The toxicity that results when employed as mixtures has not been characterized so far.

Genotoxicity by long-term exposure to the auxinic herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and dicamba on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae).

Long-term genotoxic effects of two auxinic herbicide formulations, namely, the 58.4% 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-based DMA and the 57.7% dicamba (DIC)-based Banvel were evaluated on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus.

Are the damaging effects induced by the imazethapyr formulation Pivot H in Boana pulchella (Anura) reversible upon ceasing exposure?

In the present study, the damage recovery capabilities of Boana pulchella tadpoles after acute exposure (96h) to 0.39mg/L concentration of the imazethapyr (IMZT)-based herbicide formulation Pivot H (25% IMZT LC value) were assessed during a period of 7 to -21 days. To appraise the recovery capabilities, frequency of micronuclei (MNs), other nuclear abnormalities and DNA single-strand breaks evaluated by single cell gel electrophoresis assay on circulating blood cells were employed as endpoints for genotoxicity.

Evaluation of imazethapyr-induced DNA oxidative damage by alkaline Endo III- and Fpg-modified single-cell gel electrophoresis assay in Hypsiboas pulchellus tadpoles (Anura, Hylidae).

Imazethapyr (IMZT) is a selective postemergent herbicide with residual action. Available data analyzing its effects in aquatic vertebrates are scarce. In previous studies, we demonstrated that IMZT induces lesions into the DNA of Hypsiboas pulchellus tadpoles using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay as a biomarker for genotoxicity.

Genotoxicity of the herbicide imazethapyr in mammalian cells by oxidative DNA damage evaluation using the Endo III and FPG alkaline comet assays.

We evaluated the role of oxidative stress in the genotoxic damage induced by imazethapyr (IMZT) and its formulation Pivot® in mammalian CHO-K1 cell line. Using the alkaline comet assay, we observed that a concentration of 0.1 μg/mL of IMZT or Pivot® was able to induce DNA damage by increasing the frequency of damaged nucleoids.

Genotoxic effect of a binary mixture of dicamba- and glyphosate-based commercial herbicide formulations on Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867) (Anura, Bufonidae) late-stage larvae.

The acute toxicity of two herbicide formulations, namely, the 57.71 % dicamba (DIC)-based Banvel(®) and the 48 % glyphosate (GLY)-based Credit(®), alone as well as the binary mixture of these herbicides was evaluated on late-stage Rhinella arenarum larvae (stage 36) exposed under laboratory conditions. Mortality was used as an endpoint for determining acute lethal effects, whereas the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay was employed as genotoxic endpoint to study sublethal effects.

Ecotoxicological evaluation of foundry sands and cosmetic sludges using new earthworm biomarkers.

The management and final disposal of industrial wastes are a matter of considerable human concern. The present study evaluates the cyto/genotoxic effects and changes of the coelomic cell formulas exerted by aqueous leachates and solid waste (SW) of two industrial residues using coelomocytes extruded from Eisenia fetida. The assayed wastes corresponded to industrial foundry and cosmetic activities.

Analysis of possible genotoxicity of the herbicide flurochloridone and its commercial formulations: Endo III and Fpg alkaline comet assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of flurochloridone (FLC) and its formulations Twin Pack Gold(®) and Rainbow(®) were evaluated in CHO-K1 cells. Using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, we observed that FLC (15 μg/ml), Twin Pack Gold(®) or Rainbow(®) induced primary DNA damage, increasing the frequency of damaged nucleoids. Vitamin E pretreatment did not modify the effect.

Carbamates: A study on genotoxic, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects induced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells.

In vitro effects of the carbamates pirimicarb and zineb and their formulations Aficida® (50% pirimicarb) and Azzurro® (70% zineb), respectively, were evaluated in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. Whereas the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus cytome assay was employed to test for genotoxicity, MTT, neutral red (NR), and apoptosis evaluation were used as tests for estimating cell viability and succinic dehydrogenase activity, respectively. Concentrations tested were 10-300 μg/ml for pirimicarb and Aficida®, and 1-50 μg/ml for zineb and Azzurro®.

Induction of microtubule damage in Allium cepa meristematic cells by pharmaceutical formulations of thiabendazole and griseofulvin.

Microtubules (MT) are formed by the assembly of α- and β-tubulins and MT-associated proteins. We characterized the effects of pharmaceutical formulations containing the microtubule disruptors thiabendazole (TBZ) and griseofulvin (GF) on the mitotic machinery of plant (A. cepa) meristematic cells.

Assessment of DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells after flurochloridone herbicide exposure.

In vitro effects of flurochloridone (FLC) and its formulations Twin Pack Gold® [25% active ingredient (a.i.)] and Rainbow® (25% a.

Flurochloridone-based herbicides induced genotoxicity effects on Rhinella arenarum tadpoles (Anura: Bufonidae).

Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the flurochloridone (FLC)-containing commercial formulation herbicides Twin Pack Gold(®) (25 percent a.i.) and Rainbow(®) (25 percent a.

Comparative study of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects induced by herbicide S-metolachlor and its commercial formulation Twin Pack Gold® in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells.

The in vitro effects of S-metolachlor and its formulation Twin Pack Gold(®) (96% a.i.) were evaluated in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells.

Single-cell gel electrophoresis assay in the ten spotted live-bearer fish, Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842), as bioassay for agrochemical-induced genotoxicity.

The ability of two 48 percent chlorpyrifos-based insecticides (Lorsban* 48E® and CPF Zamba®), two 50 percent pirimicarb-based insecticides (Aficida® and Patton Flow®), and two 48 percent glyphosate-based herbicides (Panzer® and Credit®) to induce DNA single-strand breaks in peripheral blood erythrocytes of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Poeciliidae) exposed under laboratory conditions was evaluated by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. In those fish exposed to Lorsban* 48E®, CPF Zamba®, Aficida®, Patton Flow®, Credit®, and Panzer®, a significant increase of the genetic damage was observed for all formulations regardless of the harvesting time. This genotoxic effect was achieved by an enhancement of Type II-IV comets and a concomitant decrease of Type 0-I comets over control values.

Chlorpyrifos-based insecticides induced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in the ten spotted live-bearer fish, Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842).

Mortality, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of the 48% chlorpyrifos (CPF)-based formulations Lorsban* 48E(®) and CPF Zamba(®) were evaluated on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Poeciliidae) under laboratory conditions. Induction of micronucleus (MN) and alterations in the erythrocyte/erythroblast frequencies were employed as end points for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. For Lorsban* 48E(®) , mean values of 0.

Pirimicarb-based formulation-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the freshwater fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Poeciliidae).

We analyzed the aspects of lethality, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity in the ten spotted live-bearer exposed under laboratory conditions to the pirimicarb-based formulation Patton Flow® (50% active ingredient (a.i.)).