Botulinum toxin A dampened inflammatory response in BV-2 microglial cells.

Our previous studies have demonstrated the analgesic effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in a pre-clinical model of rheumatoid arthritis of the temporomandibular joint, where we proposed that BoNT/A decreases the neurogenic milieu after reaching the subnucleus caudalis. However, it is unknown whether BoNT/A directly regulates microglial cell activity. Therefore, the present study investigates the effects of BoNT/A on a microglial murine cell lineage (BV-2) in different inflammatory conditions.

Novel apocynin regulates TRPV1 activity in the trigeminal system and controls pain in a temporomandibular joint neurogenic model.

Objective: Herein, we investigate the potential analgesic effect of a newly synthesized chalcone-derived apocynin in a neurogenic pain model.

Methods: Molecular docking was used to foretell the apocynin binding features and dynamics with the TRPV1 channel, and the activity was tested in vitro, using transfected HEK 293T cells with the rat TRPV1 receptor. The analgesic effect of apocynin was investigated using a capsaicin-induced pain model.

Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition impairs triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in periodontal tissue.

Aims: Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory disorder affecting the oral cavity, driven by dysbiotic oral biofilm and host immune response interactions. While the major clinical focus of periodontitis treatment is currently controlling oral biofilm, understanding the immune response is crucial to prevent disease progression. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition has shown promise in preventing alveolar bone resorption.

Modulating the sEH/EETs Axis Restrains Specialized Proresolving Mediator Impairment and Regulates T Cell Imbalance in Experimental Periodontitis.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and other epoxy fatty acids are short-acting lipids involved in resolution of inflammation. Their short half-life, due to its metabolism by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), limits their effects. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) are endogenous regulatory lipids insufficiently synthesized in uncontrolled and chronic inflammation.

Eicosanoid profiles in an arthritis model: Effects of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by damage to joints, inflammation and pain. It is driven by an increase of inflammatory cytokines and lipids mediators such as prostaglandins. Epoxides of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are lipid chemical mediators in a group of regulatory compounds termed eicosanoids.

Sema4D is diminished in leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin and impairs pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells' functionality.

Objective: Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is a coupling factor expressed on osteoclasts that may hinder osteoblast differentiation. Since the leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membrane promotes growth factor concentration, this study aims to quantify the amount of Sema4D in L-PRF membranes, and analyze the impact of Sema4D on osteoblast cell function in vitro.

Design: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify the levels of Sema4D in both L-PRF and whole blood (serum).

Experimental traumatic occlusion drives immune changes in trigeminal ganglion.

We previously demonstrated that experimental traumatic occlusion (ETO) induces a long-lasting nociceptive response. These findings were associated with altered neuronal patterns and suggestive satellite glial cell activation. This study aimed to elucidate the activation of satellite glial cells following ETO in the trigeminal ganglion.

Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition enhances production of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator and promotes macrophage plasticity.

Background And Purpose: Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and other epoxy fatty acids (EpFA) are lipid mediators that are rapidly inactivated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Uncontrolled and chronic inflammatory disorders fail to sufficiently activate endogenous regulatory pathways, including the production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Here, we addressed the relationship between SPMs and the EET/sEH axis and explored the effects of sEH inhibition on resolving macrophage phenotype.

PI3Kγ controls IL-17A expression and attenuates alveolar bone loss in an experimental periodontitis model.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the modulatory effects of PI3Kγ on IL-17A expression and the progression of experimental periodontitis in vivo.

Methods: Ligature-induced periodontitis was developed around the first molar of mice. Animals were treated with anti-mouse IL-17A or IPI-549 (PI3Kγ inhibitor).

Lithium chloride stimulates bone formation in extraction socket repair in rats.

Purpose: Previous evidence shows that lithium chloride (LiCl), a suppressor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), may enhance bone formation in several medical and dental conditions. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of LiCl on extraction socket repair in rats.

Methods: Thirty rats were randomly assigned into a control group (administration of water; n = 15) or a LiCl group (administration of 150 mg/kg of LiCl; n = 15).

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in Brazil: challenges and strategies to create assistance and educational networks.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultrarare condition and one of the most impactful disorders associated with progressive heterotopic ossification events. It is estimated that there are 120-150 patients in Brazil; however, currently, fewer than 100 patients have been identified, and the role of a FOP advocacy group (FOP Brazil) has been instrumental for the identification and follow-up of these individuals and families. The aim of this article is to summarize the current status of FOP in Brazil and describe strategies proposed to approach this challenge in a continental size country.

Cinnamoyloxy-mammeisin, a coumarin from propolis of stingless bees, attenuates Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune inflammation via STAT3 inhibition.

T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, mainly by producing the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17). Therefore, Th17 lymphocytes have been considered a strategic target for drug discovery and development. In this study, we investigated the activity and possible mechanisms of action of a 4-phenyl coumarin isolated from propolis, named cinnamoyloxy-mammeisin (CNM), in Th17 cell differentiation and the development of experimental Th17-dependent autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMC)-Associated Anti-Inflammatory Nanoparticles for Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction.

To investigate the effect of transplantation of stem cells from the bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) associated with 15d-PGJ2-loaded nanoparticles in a rat model of chronic MI. Chronic myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by the ligation of the left anterior descending artery in 40 male Wistar rats. After surgery, we transplanted bone marrow associated with 15d-PGJ2-loaded nanoparticle by intramyocardial injection (10 cells/per injection) seven days post-MI.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and its immunomodulation function: current understanding and future therapeutic implications.

Introduction: Pain is a multidimensional experience involving the biological, psychological, and social dimensions of each individual. Particularly, the biological aspects of pain conditions are a response of the neuroimmunology system and the control of painful conditions is a worldwide challenge for researchers. Although years of investigation on pain experience and treatment exist, the high prevalence of chronic pain is still a fact.

Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition avoid formalin-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia in the temporomandibular joint.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endogenous molecules that exerts effective antinociceptive and resolutive actions. However, because of their rapid metabolism by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), EETs are unable to remain bioavailable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether local sEH inhibition could prevent inflammatory hyperalgesia in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rats.

Metabolomic Evaluation of Chronic Periodontal Disease in Older Adults.

Periodontal disease is an infectious inflammatory disease related to the destruction of supporting tissues of the teeth, leading to a functional loss of the teeth. Inflammatory molecules present in the exudate are catalyzed and form different metabolites that can be identified and quantified. Thus, we evaluated the inflammatory exudate present in crevicular fluid to identify metabolic biological markers for diagnosing chronic periodontal disease in older adults.

Topical Administration of 15-Deoxy- -Prostaglandin J Using a Nonionic Cream: Effect on UVB-Induced Skin Oxidative, Inflammatory, and Histopathological Modifications in Mice.

UVB radiation is certainly one of the most important environmental threats to which we are subjected to. This fact highlights the crucial protective role of the skin. However, the skin itself may not be capable of protecting against UVB depending on irradiation intensity and time of exposition.

Biosafety devices to control the spread of potentially contaminated dispersion particles. New associated strategies for health environments.

Dental procedures produce a large amount of spatter and aerosols that create concern for the transmission of airborne diseases, such as Covid-19. This study established a methodology with the objective of evaluating new associated strategies to reduce the risk of cross-transmission in a health environment by simulating spread of potentially contaminated dispersion particles (PCDP) in the environment. This crossover study, was conducted in a school clinic environment (4 clinics containing 12 dental chairs each).

Photobiomodulation inhibits inflammation in the temporomandibular joint of rats.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been applied as a non-invasive technique for treating temporomandibular joint symptoms, especially on painful condition's relief, however the anti-inflammatory mechanism underlying the effect of PBM remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the mechanisms of action of PBM (808 nm) in a carrageenan-induced inflammation on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rats. In this study male Wistar rats were pre-treated with irradiation of a low-power diode laser for 15 s on TMJ (infra-red 808 nm, 100 mW, 50 J/cm and 1.

Titanium dioxide nanotubes added to glass ionomer cements affect S. mutans viability and mechanisms of virulence.

This in vitro study evaluated the impact of TiO2 nanotubes (n-TiO2) incorporated into glass ionomer cement (GIC) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) characteristics at cellular and molecular levels. n-TiO2, synthesized by the alkaline method (20 nm in size), was added to Ketac Molar EasyMix® at 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight.

Orofacial musculoskeletal pain: An evidence-based bio-psycho-social matrix model.

Pain is a multidimensional experience comprising sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational, and cognitive-evaluative dimensions. Clinical and research findings have demonstrated a complex interplay between social burdens, individual coping strategies, mood states, psychological disorders, sleep disturbances, masticatory muscle tone, and orofacial musculoskeletal pain. Accordingly, current classification systems for orofacial pain require psychosocial assessments to be an integral part of the multidimensional diagnostic process.

The role of adenosine A receptor in the peripheral tramadol's effect in the temporomandibular joint of rats.

Peripheral tramadol's delivery in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) leads to significant analgesic outcomes and inflammatory process's resolvent actions. Mechanistically, these properties are apart from the opioid system. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms behind these effects are still unclear.

Fast and accurate protocol for histology and immunohistochemistry reactions in temporomandibular joint of rats.

Objective: Propose a standard, fast and accurate protocol for the processing of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of adults' rats for histology and immunohistochemistry reactions.

Design: Wistar male rats were perfused with paraformaldehyde (4 %). The heads were fixed in formaldehyde 10 % solution for 48 h.

A novel dental biosafety device to control the spread of potentially contaminated dispersion particles from dental ultrasonic tips.

Strategies to return to dental practice in pandemic times is a new challenge due to the generation and spread of potentially contaminated dispersion particles (PCDP) that may contain the SARS-CoV-2, the etiological factor of the COVID-19 disease. Due to the significant dispersion of PCDP in the dental environment, the use of equipment such as ultrasonic tips have been inadvisable during the pandemic. Several clinical procedures, however, benefit from the use of such equipment.

P2X7-induced nociception in the temporomandibular joint of rats depends on inflammatory mechanisms and C-fibres sensitization.

Background: P2X7 receptors are responsible for triggering inflammatory responses contributing to processes of pain in articular tissues. This study aimed to investigate whether the activation of the P2X7 receptor located in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissues induces nociception through an inflammatory mechanisms and/or the activation of C-fibres (small-diameter primary afferents) of rats' TMJ.

Methods: The TMJ hypernociception induced by the activation of P2X7 receptor was assessed by measuring the behavioural nociceptive responses.