Risk factors for extubation failure in infants with severe acute bronchiolitis.

Objective: To evaluate demographic characteristics, mechanical-ventilation parameters, blood gas values, and ventilatory indexes as predictors of extubation failure in infants with severe acute bronchiolitis.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study from March 2004 to September 2005 with consecutive infants (ages 1-12 months) with severe acute bronchiolitis and considered ready to be extubated. We calculated mean airway pressure and oxygenation index.

[Post cardiac surgery In children: extubation failure predictor's].

Background And Objectives: It is important to know the risk factors for extubation failure (EF) in children submitted to cardiac surgery in order to avoid inherent events due to reintubation (airways injury, usage of medications, cardiovascular changes) and because of prolonged ventilatory support (pneumonias, reduction of the ventilatory muscles strength). The objective of this study is to evaluate mechanical ventilation (MV) parameters, ventilatory mechanics [rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI), ventilatory muscles force [the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), the maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and the load/force balance (LFB)] and blood gases before and after extubation in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods: Prospective (March 2004 to March 2006) observational cross sectional study, enrolling children submitted to cardiac surgery admitted to an university PICU hospital and considered able to be extubated.

[Cardiorespiratory repercussions of the peritoneal dialysis in critically ill children].

Background And Objectives: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is frequently used to replace glomerular filtration and to control acid-base, electrolyte and fluid disturbances in critically ill children with acute renal failure. However, cardiorespiratory changes can happen during this procedure. The objective of this review is to describe the PD cardio-respiratory repercutions in the pediatric patient and the evidence level of the studies that approach these repercutions.

[Acute bronchiolitis, an updated review].

Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is a frequent cause of hospitalization among children and its main etiological agent is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It occurs epidemically during autumn and winter. Some populations of children such as premature newborns, infants with congenital heart disease and those with chronic lung disease, immunocompromised, undernourished, among others, present increased morbidity and mortality risk.