Robust Approaches to the Quantitative Analysis of Genome Formula Variation in Multipartite and Segmented Viruses.

When viruses have segmented genomes, the set of frequencies describing the abundance of segments is called the genome formula. The genome formula is often unbalanced and highly variable for both segmented and multipartite viruses. A growing number of studies are quantifying the genome formula to measure its effects on infection and to consider its ecological and evolutionary implications.

Evaluation of sequencing and PCR-based methods for the quantification of the viral genome formula.

Viruses show great diversity in their genome organization. Multipartite viruses package their genome segments into separate particles, most or all of which are required to initiate infection in the host cell. The benefits of such seemingly inefficient genome organization are not well understood.

Towards evolutionary predictions: Current promises and challenges.

Evolution has traditionally been a historical and descriptive science, and predicting future evolutionary processes has long been considered impossible. However, evolutionary predictions are increasingly being developed and used in medicine, agriculture, biotechnology and conservation biology. Evolutionary predictions may be used for different purposes, such as to prepare for the future, to try and change the course of evolution or to determine how well we understand evolutionary processes.

Unresolved advantages of multipartitism in spatially structured environments.

Multipartite viruses have segmented genomes and package each of their genome segments individually into distinct virus particles. Multipartitism is common among plant viruses, but why this apparently costly genome organization and packaging has evolved remains unclear. Recently Zhang and colleagues developed network epidemiology models to study the epidemic spread of multipartite viruses and their distribution over plant and animal hosts ( 2019, 123, 138101).

A 10-week exercise intervention can improve work posture but not neck/shoulder symptoms in dental health students: A pilot cohort study.

Background: Dental workers including dental health students experience a high incidence of neck/shoulder symptoms. However, research into interventions has been scarce and largely focused on tools and technological modifications.

Objective: This study investigates the feasibility and benefits of a neck/shoulder exercise intervention on work posture and local symptoms in dental health students.

3-Bromo-pyridin-2-amine.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(5)H(5)BrN(2), mol-ecules assemble via pairs of N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into inversion dimers using only the syn H atom on the amine group. These dimers then assemble further into two-dimensional layers via type I C-Br⋯Br [Br⋯Br = 3.693 (s6) Å] halogen bonding along the (102) plane.