Effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions in patients with colorectal cancer: an overview of systematic reviews.

Objective: To evaluate existing evidence from published systematic reviews for the effectiveness and safety of rehabilitation interventions in adult patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using medical/health science databases up to October 2024. Bibliographies of pertinent articles, journals, and grey literature were searched.

Effectiveness and Safety of Cefiderocol in Clinical Practice for Treatment of Patients with Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections: US Interim Results of the PROVE Study.

Purpose: The international PROVE retrospective chart-review study aims to assess the real-world effectiveness and safety of cefiderocol for treatment of patients with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections.

Patients And Methods: US centers selected hospitalized patients receiving their first cefiderocol treatment for ≥72 hours for a Gram-negative bacterial infection (November 2020-March 2023). Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, hospitalization, course of infection, antibiotic use, clinical cure (excluding patients with a relapse/reinfection), clinical response at the end of treatment, microbiology, in-hospital all-cause mortality (IH-ACM) at Day 30, and safety were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a substrate for tryptase in patients with mastocytosis.

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease associated to uncontrolled proliferation and increased density of mast cells in different organs. This clonal disorder is related to gain-of-function pathogenic variants of the c-kit gene that encodes for KIT (CD117) expressed on mast cell membrane. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pleiotropic cytokine, which plays a key role in allergic disorders and several cancers.

Size-based effects of anthropogenic ultrafine particles on activation of human lung macrophages.

The anthropogenic particulate matter (PM), suspended air dust that can be inhaled by humans and deposited in the lungs, is one of the main pollutants in the industrialized cities atmosphere. Recent studies have shown that PM has adverse effects on respiratory diseases. These effects are mainly due to the ultrafine particles (PM0.

Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Lusutrombopag for Severe Thrombocytopenia in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Undergoing Invasive Procedures.

Introduction: Lusutrombopag is an oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA). Clinical trials have shown lusutrombopag's efficacy in reducing need for preoperative platelet transfusion in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and severe thrombocytopenia. This analysis assessed efficacy and safety of lusutrombopag in patients with severe thrombocytopenia and CLD undergoing planned invasive procedures.

Linkage study of surveillance and hospital admission data to investigate Clostridium difficile infection in hospital patients in Perth, Western Australia.

Objectives: Increasing incidence rates of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and outbreaks of emerging strains have highlighted the need for continuous monitoring and surveillance of CDI in Australia. Active surveillance captures all hospital-identified CDI cases in Western Australia (WA), where all C. difficile isolates recovered are routinely PCR ribotyped.

The burden of mycobacteria species among children from postvaccination abscess in Southern India.

Background: From the time vaccines were introduced, their impact has been beyond measurable. Mycobacteria are pathogens increasingly isolated from postvaccination abscess. Identification of these pathogens plays a very crucial role in the management of these babies.

Utilization of Colistin Versus β-Lactam and β-Lactamase Inhibitor Agents in Relation to Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Severe Gram-Negative Infections.

Introduction: Colistin is used to treat severe antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative infections (GNIs). With the rise of antibiotic resistance, colistin has been used increasingly as a 'last-line' therapy for multidrug-resistant GNIs. We evaluated the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality among patients receiving colistin or one of the new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (βL + βLI) (ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, or meropenem/vaborbactam).

Immunomodulatory properties of characellide A on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Marine sponges and their associated microbiota are multicellular animals known to produce metabolites with interesting pharmacological properties playing a pivotal role against a plethora of pathologic disorders such as inflammation, cancer and infections. Characellide A and B belong to a novel class of glycolipopeptides isolated from the deep sea marine sponge Characella pachastrelloides. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of characellide A and B on cytokine and chemokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

The Interplay between the Immune and the Endocannabinoid Systems in Cancer.

The therapeutic potential of has been recognized since ancient times. Phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids activate two major G protein-coupled receptors, subtype 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2). Cannabinoids (CBs) modulate several aspects of cancer cells, such as apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness.

Roles of Immune Cells in Hereditary Angioedema.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease, characterized by recurrent and unexpected potentially life-threatening mucosal swelling. HAE may be further classified into HAE with C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) and HAE with normal C1-INH activity (nlC1-INH-HAE), mostly due to mutations leading to increased vascular permeability. Recent evidence implicates also the innate and adaptive immune responses in several aspects of angioedema pathophysiology.

Vascular endothelial growth factors and angiopoietins as new players in mastocytosis.

Mastocytosis is a disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation and/or accumulation of mast cells in different organs. More than 90% of patients with systemic mastocytosis have a gain-of-function mutation in codon 816 of the KIT receptor on mast cells (MCs). The symptoms of mastocytosis patients are related to the MC-derived mediators that exert local and distant effects.

Liver SBRT with active motion-compensation results in excellent local control for liver oligometastases: An outcome analysis of a pooled multi-platform patient cohort.

Background: Local treatment of metastases in combination with systemic therapy can prolong survival of oligo-metastasized patients. To fully exploit this potential, safe and effective treatments are needed to ensure long-term metastases control. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is one means, however, for moving liver tumors correct delivery of high doses is challenging.

Anti-Tumorigenic Activities of IL-33: A Mechanistic Insight.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an epithelial-derived cytokine that can be released upon tissue damage, stress, or infection, acting as an alarmin for the immune system. IL-33 has long been studied in the context of Th2-related immunopathologies, such as allergic diseases and parasitic infections. However, its capacity to stimulate also Th1-type of immune responses is now well established.

Macrophage-polarizing stimuli differentially modulate the inflammatory profile induced by the secreted phospholipase A group IA in human lung macrophages.

In this study we investigated the effects of snake venom Group IA secreted phospholipase A (svGIA) on the release of inflammatory and angiogenic mediators from human lung macrophages (HLMs). HLMs were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or svGIA with or without macrophage-polarizing stimuli (IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ or the adenosine analogue NECA). M2-polarizing cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, CXCL8 and CCL1 release induced by both LPS and svGIA.

VEGF-A in Cardiomyocytes and Heart Diseases.

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a homodimeric vasoactive glycoprotein, is the key mediator of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is responsible for a wide variety of physio/pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cardiomyocytes (CM), the main cell type present in the heart, are the source and target of VEGF-A and express its receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, on their cell surface.

LPS-mediated neutrophil VEGF-A release is modulated by cannabinoid receptor activation.

Neutrophils (PMNs) are innate immune cells with primary roles in inflammation and in host defense against infections. Both inflammatory and tumor angiogenesis are modulated by a sequential, coordinated production of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), angiopoietins, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and chemokines. These factors are produced by several immune cells, including PMNs.

Real-world Experience of Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Infection: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Bezlotoxumab is approved for prevention of recurrence of infection (CDI) in adults receiving standard of care (SoC) therapy based on findings from MODIFY clinical trials. However, utilization practices and validation of trial results in the real world are limited.

Methods: Records of patients receiving bezlotoxumab between April 2017 and December 2018 across 34 infusion centers in the United States were retrospectively reviewed.

Hereditary angioedema attack: what happens to vasoactive mediators?

Hereditary angioedema is a disabling, life-threatening condition caused by deficiency (type I) or dysfunction (type II) of the C1 inhibitor protein (C1-INH-HAE) leading to bradykinin accumulation and recurrent episodes of edema attack. Vascular leakage is a complex process sustained by the coordinated production of several permeabilizing factors including vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), angiopoietins (ANGPTs) and phospholipase A enzymes (PLA). We previously reported that patients with C1-INH-HAE in remission have increased plasma levels of VEGFs, ANGPTs and secreted PLA.

Incidence of and risk factors for recurrent Clostridioidesdifficile infection in Japan using a claims database: A retrospective cohort study.

This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the incidence rates of and risk factors for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) in Japan using a claims database. Inpatients of any age with ≥1 record of C. difficile infection (CDI) during the study period (January 2012-September 2016) were analyzed.

Bezlotoxumab Is Associated With a Reduction in Cumulative Inpatient-Days: Analysis of the Hospitalization Data From the MODIFY I and II Clinical Trials.

Background: Patients with recurrent infection (rCDI) are more likely to have a hospital readmission and spend increased time in inpatient settings compared with patients with primary CDI. MODIFY I and II demonstrated that bezlotoxumab significantly reduced rCDI vs placebo. A post hoc within-trial analysis assessed whether bezlotoxumab was associated with a reduction in cumulative inpatient-days.

Hospital readmission with Clostridium difficile infection as a secondary diagnosis is associated with worsened outcomes and greater revenue loss relative to principal diagnosis: A retrospective cohort study.

Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) requiring rehospitalization contributes to poor outcomes, which may differ between patients hospitalized with versus for it.We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of rehospitalized adults surviving initial CDI hospitalization. Hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission, and mean gap between hospital costs and Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) reimbursement served as outcomes.

Thirty-Day Readmissions in Hospitalized Patients Who Received Bezlotoxumab With Antibacterial Drug Treatment for Clostridium difficile Infection.

NCT01241552 (MODIFY I) and NCT01513239 (MODIFY II).

Attributable Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs for Patients With Primary and Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in the United States.

Background: The economic burden of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), the leading cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea, is not well understood. The objective of this study was to estimate the healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs attributable to primary CDI and recurrent CDI (rCDI).

Methods: This is a database (MarketScan) study.

Cost-effectiveness of Bezlotoxumab Compared With Placebo for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection.

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most commonly recognized cause of recurrent diarrhea. Bezlotoxumab, administered concurrently with antibiotics directed against C. difficile (standard of care [SoC]), has been shown to reduce the recurrence of CDI, compared with SoC alone.