Evidence of Homeostatic Regulation in Subspecies as an Adaptive Response to Copper Stress.

Background: Bacteria are capable of responding to various stressors, something which has been essential for their adaptation, evolution, and colonization of a wide range of environments. Of the many stressors affecting bacteria, we can highlight heavy metals, and amongst these, copper stands out for its great antibacterial capacity. Using () as a model, the action of proteins involved in copper homeostasis has been put forward as an explanation for the tolerance or adaptive response of this mycobacteria to the toxic action of copper.

Experimental evidence of the anti-bacterial activity pathway of copper ion treatment on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Copper causes significant damage to the integrity of many bacteria, mainly at the DNA level, through its redox states, as well as its reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating capacity at the cellular level. But whether these mechanisms also apply to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is unknown.

Are Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) the Main Mechanism by Which Copper Ion Treatment Degrades the DNA of subsp. Suspended in Milk?

Background: subsp. (MAP) is the causal agent of paratuberculosis. This pathogen is able to survive adverse environmental conditions, including the pasteurization process.

Understanding the antibacterial mechanisms of copper ion treatment on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Copper and its alloys are natural and very well-proven antimicrobial materials. The mechanisms of action through which copper is highly effective have been described at the molecular and cellular level. However, both the design of the studies carried out and the nature of the microorganisms studied have meant that this research has been of limited scope.

More Insights about the Efficacy of Copper Ion Treatment on subsp. (MAP): A Clue for the Observed Tolerance.

Background: Scientific evidence is scarce for the antimicrobial effect of copper on bacteria characterized as more resistant. Using subsp. (MAP), a highly resistant microorganism, as a pathogen model, copper ion treatment has shown a significant bactericidal effect; however, the sustainability of MAP against copper toxicity was also reported in several studies.

Association of Locus Polymorphisms with Epilepsy and Clinical Traits in Mexican Patients with Neurocysticercosis.

Neurocysticercosis is caused by the establishment of cysts in the central nervous system. Murine cysticercosis by is a useful model of cysticercosis in which the complement component 5 (C5) has been linked to infection resistance/permissiveness. This work aimed to study the possible relevance for human neurocysticercosis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the C5- region (rs17611 , rs992670 , rs25681 , rs10818488 , and rs3761847 ) in a Mexican population and associated with clinical and radiological traits related to neurocysticercosis severity (cell count in the cerebrospinal fluid [CSF cellularity], parasite location and parasite load in the brain, parasite degenerating stage, and epilepsy).