Morphological and histopathological description of Calyptospora sp. parasitism in Cichla monoculus Spix, 1929 (Osteichthyes, Cichlidae) from the lake region of Pracuúba-Amapá, Brazil.

The tucunaré (Cichla sp.) is an Amazonian fish that is heavily commercialized in the state of Amapá, and it can be infected by a variety of parasites, including coccidia of the genus Calyptospora, which are identified at the genus level by analyzing the structures that comprise its morphology. This study aimed to describe the morphology and histopathology of Calyptospora sp.

A new Ceratomyxa (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) infecting the ornamental fish species Pterophyllum scalare from the Amazon Region, Brazil.

A new parasite of the Class Myxozoa is described in the gallbladder of the ornamental angelfish Pterophyllum scalare, in two municipalities in the state of Amapá, Brazil, based on morphological, morphometric and phylogenetic descriptions. From October 2022 to August 2024 fifty-five angelfish specimens were sampled in Macapá (n=10) and Tartarugalzinho (n=45). Slightly arched mixospores were observed by light microscopy and had characteristics consistent with those of the genus Ceratomyxa.

n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) parasitizing (Bloch 1794) from Tartarugalzinho river, eastern Amazon.

The Amazon basin has the largest number of fish in the world, and among the most common fishes of the Neotropical region, the threespot () is cited, which in relation to its microparasitic fauna, has described only 1 species of the genus , . The Myxozoa class is considered an obligate parasite, being morphologically characterized by spores formed by valves connected by a suture line. This study describes a new species of sp.

A Gallbladder Ceratomyxidae (Myxozoa: Bivalvulida) Parasite Described In Pimelodella cristata (Müller & Troschel, 1848) From the Eastern Amazon.

Purpose: The Myxozoa class is characterized by parasites that have valves joined by a suture line and polar capsules containing eversible spiral filamento and this class is considered an obligate parasite. The genus Ceratomyxa has approximately 300 species described in fish, both marine and freshwater fish, mainly infecting the gallbladder, but also occurring in the urinary bladder. This study describes a new species of Ceratomyxa in the Amazon region for Pimelodella cristata.

A new myxozoan parasitizing Mesonauta festivus (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) from the lake region in the municipality of Tartarugalzinho, Eastern Amazon, Brazil.

The Amazon is the largest river basin in the world and it is home to the greatest diversity of freshwater fish in the world. Mesonauta festivus is a cichlid popularly known as flag cichlid, widely distributed throughout South America. The diversity of parasites in fish from the Amazon region is still underestimated, due to the high fishes diversity.

Ceratomyxa matosi n. sp. (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) parasitizing the gallbladder of Boulengerella cuvieri (Characiformes: Ctenoluciidae) State of Amapá, Brazilian Amazon.

Myxozoa is a class of the Phylum Cnidaria made up of endoparasites from aquatic habitats. The genus Ceratomyxa preferentially infects marine fish, with the gallbladder being the main site parasitized. This study aimed to describe a new species of Ceratomyxa found in this organ in Boulengerella cuvieri using morphological, morphometric characterization and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA gene sequences.

Albendazole is effective in controlling monogeneans in Colossoma macropomum (Serrasalmidae): therapeutic baths and their physiological and histopathological effects.

In aquaculture worldwide, most of the chemotherapeutic agents used for disease control and treatment are unregulated chemical products derived from agriculture. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of therapeutic baths with albendazole against the monogeneans Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri, which infest the gills of Colossoma macropomum, and the hematological and histopathological effects of this anthelmintic agent on these fish. Albendazole at a concentration of 500 mg/L was used in three baths of 24 hours each, with intervals of 24 hours between these baths.

New species of Myxobolus in potamodromous catfish from the eastern Amazon, Brazil.

The mapará (Hypophthalmus marginatus) is a commercially important fish in the Brazilian Amazon and has been described as a host for numerous myxosporid species. The integrated taxonomy of a new species, Myxobolus mickeyii n. sp.

Occurrence of Myxobolus spp. (Myxozoa) in the blood of Metynnis lippincottianus (Osteichthyes: Serrasalmidae) from eastern Amazon, Brazil.

Myxozoans are obligatory parasites and can be found in various organs and bloodstreams of fish, thus, the objective of this work was to describe the occurrence of Myxobolus spp. in the circulating blood of Metynnis lippincottianus from River Curiaú, Macapá City, eastern Amazon, Brazil. The samples of M.

Essential Oil of Piper marginatum (Piperaceae) Against Monogeneans, and Its Hematological and Histopathological Effects on Colossoma macropomum.

Purpose: This study investigated the anthelmintic efficacy of therapeutic baths with the essential oil of Piper marginatum Jacq against the monogeneans Anacanthorus spathulatus Kritsky, Thatcher & Kayton, 1979, Notozothecium janauachensis Belmont-Jégu, Domingues & Laterça 2004, Mymarothecium boegeri Cohen & Kohn, 2005 and Linguadactyloides brinkmanni Thatcher & Krytsky, 1983 in Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818, and its hematological and histopathological effects on this fish.

Methods: Short six therapeutic baths with 100 mg/L of the essential oil of P. marginatum and two control groups (water from the cultivation tank and water from the cultivation tank + 70% alcohol) were used for 20 min every two days.

Essential oil of Piper hispidum (Piperaceae) has efficacy against monogeneans, and effects on hematology and gill histology of Colossoma macropomum.

This study investigated for the first time the effectiveness of therapeutic baths with essential oil (EO) of Piper hispidum against monogeneans Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, Mymarothecium boegeri and Linguadactyloides brinkmanni from the gills of Colossoma macropomum, as well as the hematological and histological effects on this fish. In therapeutic baths, 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil and two control groups (water from the culture tank and water from the culture tank with 70% alcohol) were exposed for 1 h/day, with intervals of 48 hours for 3 days, and three replicates each were used.

Efficacy of Carapa guianensis oil (Meliaceae) against monogeneans infestations: a potential antiparasitic for Colossoma macropomum and its effects in hematology and histopathology of gills.

This study evaluated the efficacy of therapeutic baths with Carapa guianensis (andiroba) oil against monogeneans of Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui), as well as the hematological and histological effects on fish. Among the fatty acids identified in C. guianensis oil, oleic acid (53.

Morphological and Phylogenetic Features of Ceratomyxa macapaensis n. sp. (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) in Mesonauta festivus Heckel, 1840 (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) from the Eastern Amazon Region.

Purpose: The class Myxozoa consists of microscopic spores that typically present uniform morphological simplifications, containing one or two sporoplasms surrounded by valve cells. The present study analysed the morphological and phylogenetic characteristics of what proved to be a new species of Ceratomyxa found in the gallbladder of Mesonauta festivus Heckel, 1840 captured on the Piririm River in the municipality of Macapá, in Amapá state, Brazil.

Methods: The fish were collected in gillnets, and were transported alive to Amapá State University in Macapá for the analysis of the organs.

Sphaerospora festivus n. sp., a parasite of the flag cichlid, Mesonauta festivus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from eastern Amazon, Brazil.

The present study describes a new species of the genus Sphaerospora found in the urinary bladder of the flag cichlid, Mesonauta festivus collected in Corre Água district of the municipality of Macapá, Amapá State (Brazil). The study includes morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the new parasite, to determine the relationship of the new species with related myxosporean species. The new species has polysporous plasmodia, which vary in size and shape.

Ellipsomyxa tucujuensis n. sp. (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae), a parasite of Satanoperca jurupari (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) from the Brazilian Amazon.

The present study describes a new coelozoic, eukaryotic microparasite of the genus Ellipsomyxa Køie, 2003 (Ceratomyxidae: Myxozoa) found parasitizing the gallbladder of Satanoperca jurupari Heckel, 1840 collected in the Curiaú River Environmental Protection Area in Macapá, Amapá state, Brazil. The fish were collected using mesh cast net. The gallbladders were examined, preserved in 80% alcohol for molecular analysis (SSU rDNA gene), and fixed in Davidson for histological slide preparation.

Infection of Henneguya sp. on the gills of Metynnis lippincottianus from Curiaú River, in eastern Amazon region (Brazil).

Infection of fish gills by Henneguya causes greater contact between the secondary gill lamellae, thereby giving rise to decreased absorption surface area at the end of the filaments. This ectoparasite can cause damages on the gills infected fish. In the present study, fresh gills of Metynnis lippincottianus were analyzed using optical microscopy techniques.

Henneguya sacacaensis n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) parasitizing gills of the acará bicudo Satanoperca jurupari (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) in eastern Amazon.

This study describes Henneguya sacacaensis n. sp. in specimens of the Osteichthyes Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840), collected in the Rio Curiaú Environmental Protection Area in the city of Macapá, state of Amapá Brazil.

Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Calyptospora parasites Overstreet, Hawkins and Fournié, 1984 (Apicomplexa: Calyptosporidae) in fishes from the eastern Amazon, Brazil.

This work reports the occurrence of coccidia of the genus Calyptospora in fishes from the eastern Amazon. Fish were collected on flood plains in the municipality of Macapá, State of Amapá, Brazil. Fresh squash preparations of liver, heart and gallbladder were examined under light microscope.

Kudoa amazonica n. sp. (Myxozoa; Multivalvulida), a parasite of the esophageal musculature of the freshwater catfish, Hypophthalmus marginatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), from a river of the Amazon region.

The class Myxozoa is a group of spore-producing eukaryote organisms that parasitize both freshwater and marine fish. The multivalvulide myxosporidian parasites of the genus Kudoa infect primarily the musculature of the fish host, some species are producing enzymes (proteases) capable of digesting muscle fibers. In the present study, 50 specimens of the freshwater catfish Hypophthalmus marginatus were collected from the Tocantins River in Pará, Brazil, and were analyzed.

Henneguya paraensis n. sp. (Myxozoa; Myxosporea), a new gill parasite of the Amazonian fish Cichla temensis (Teleostei: Cichlidae): morphological and molecular aspects.

The present study describes light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular analyses of a myxosporid found parasitizing the gill region of the teleost fish Cichla temensis, collected from the Tocantins River, near Cametá, Pará State, Brazil. The prevalence of infection was 60 %. The spore-containing cysts that were located in the gill lamellae were oval and whitish.

Infection by Henneguya sp. (Myxozoa) in the bone tissue of the gill filaments of the Amazonian catfish Hypophthalmus marginatus (Siluriformes).

This study describes aspects of the infection caused by the myxosporean genus Henneguya, which forms cysts in the bony portion of the gill filaments of Hypophthalmusmarginatus. Specimens of this catfish were acquired dead from artisanal fishermen near the town of Cametá, state of Pará, northern Brazil, between July 2011 and May 2012. They were transported in refrigerated containers to the Carlos Azevedo Research Laboratory at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia, in Belém, where analyses were performed.

Potaspora aequidens n. sp. (Microsporidia, Tetramicridae), a parasite infecting the freshwater fish Aequidens plagiozonatus (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from Brazil.

Morphological and molecular procedures were used to describe a new species of microsporidian that infects the muscles of the sub-opercular region and the caudal fins of the freshwater Aequidens plagiozonatus in Brazil. This microsporidian forms whitish xenomas containing variable number of spores, reaching up to ~0.4 mm in diameter.

Morphological aspects of Henneguya aequidens n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) in Aequidens plagiozonatus Kullander, 1984 (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in the Amazon region, Brazil.

A new species of Myxosporea, Henneguya aequidens sp. n. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae), was described based on its ultrastructural features.

Infection of the heart of Pimelodus ornatus (Teleostei, Pimelodidae), by Myxobolus sp. (Myxozoa, Myxobolidae).

The phylum Myxozoa Grassé, 1970, consists of a heterogenous group of around 50 genera that are worldwide disseminated in a wide variety of aquatic media. In the present study, 43 specimens of Pimelodus ornatus were collected from an adjacent area to the Cachoeira do Arari municipality on Marajó Island, in the Brazilian state of Pará, in 2013. Macroscopic analysis showed the presence of whitened plasmodia located in the cardiac muscle and also in the region between the bulbus arteriosus and atrium cordis.