Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) Does Not Ameliorate the Toxic Effect of Bisphenol S on the Metabolic Analytes and Pancreas Histoarchitecture of Diabetic Rats.

This study investigated whether the coadministration of vitamin E (VitE) diminishes the harmful effects provoked by plasticizer bisphenol S (BPS) in the serum metabolites related to hepatic and renal metabolism, as well as the endocrine pancreatic function in diabetic male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into five groups ( = 5-6); the first group was healthy rats (Ctrl group). The other four groups were diabetic rats induced with 45 mg/kg bw of streptozotocin: Ctrl-D (diabetic control); VitE-D (100 mg/kg bw/d of VitE); BPS-D (100 mg/kg bw/d of BPS); The animals from the VitE + BPS-D group were administered 100 mg/kg bw/d of VitE + 100 mg/kg bw/d of BPS.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between the Severity of Dental Fluorosis and Fluoride Biomarkers in Endemic Areas.

The intake of high concentrations of fluoride, mainly through drinking water, diet and fluoridated dentifrices, produces fluorosis, which in its early stages is manifested as dental fluorosis (DF). To recognize exposure to fluoride in endemic areas and to evaluate the risk of developing health impairment, the WHO has established several biomarkers that are used to determine systemic fluorine (F) exposure. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between the severity of DF and fluoride biomarkers in endemic areas.

Environmental Exposure of Arsenic in Groundwater Associated to Carcinogenic Risk in Underweight Children Exposed to Fluorides.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of inorganic arsenic (As) in the potable water available to the population to be able to estimate the non-carcinogenic risks for underweight children and the carcinogenic risk for adults exposed to As intake who live in the Mezquital municipality, Durango, Mexico.

Methods: The As content was quantifed in the water supply sources for human use and its intake was estimated in Mezquital population, southern Durango. With the data obtained, the hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated to determine the non-carcinogenic risk to develop chronic systemic effects in underweight children.

High glucose induces mitochondrial p53 phosphorylation by p38 MAPK in pancreatic RINm5F cells.

Pancreatic β-cell death in type 2 diabetes has been related to p53 subcellular localisation and phosphorylation. However, the mechanisms by which p53 is phosphorylated and its activation in response to oxidative stress remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate mitochondrial p53 phosphorylation, its subcellular localisation and its relationship with apoptotic induction in RINm5F cells cultured under high glucose conditions.

O-GlcNAc-selective-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity and mRNA expression in muscle is related to glucosamine-induced insulin resistance.

Glucosamine (GlcN)-induced insulin resistance is associated with an increase in O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylated modified proteins (O-GlcNAcylated proteins). The role played by O-GlcNAc-selective-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase), which removes O-N-acetyl-glucosamine residues from O-GlcNAcylated proteins, has not yet been demonstrated. We investigated whether GlcN-induced whole-body insulin resistance is related to tissue O-GlcNAcase activity and mRNA expression.

Changes in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in granulosa cells during follicular atresia in ewes.

Apoptosis of granulosa cells during follicular atresia is preceded by oxidative stress, partly due to a drop in the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Under oxidative stress, GSH regeneration is dependent on the adequate supply of NADPH by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). In this study, we analyzed the changes of G6PD, GSH, and oxidative stress of granulosa cells and follicular liquid and its association with apoptosis during atresia of small (4-6 mm) and large (>6 mm) sheep antral follicles.

Mechanism of granulosa cell death during follicular atresia depends on follicular size.

Changes in granulosa cell lysosomal and mitochondrial functions in relation to follicular size and to the stage of atresia were studied by fluorescent emission spectra and intensity using flow cytometry. Antral follicles were grouped by size in two groups: small, 3-6 mm and large, >6mm in diameter, and classified into three stages of atresia: non-atretic, initially atretic and advanced atretic. Differences in Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) and Acridine Orange (AO) fluorescent intensity indicated that changes in mitochondrial function are the primary mechanism of granulosa cell death in atretic follicles 3-6 mm in diameter, while its role in granulosa cell death in >6 mm atretic follicles seemed to be less important.

Asymmetric calmodulin distribution in the hypothalamus: role of sexual differentiation in the rat.

The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) system plays important roles both in hypothalamic sexual differentiation and in the progesterone-induced facilitation of lordosis behavior in the adult rat. We recently showed sex-dependent differences in rat hypothalamic CaM levels, both in newborn and in adult animals. Here, we evaluated the presence of left-right hypothalamic asymmetries in CaM concentration in male and female rats, as well as the changes induced on these parameters by neonatal (1 h after birth) subcutaneous administration of tamoxifen (200 microg/rat) or testosterone (30 microg/rat).