Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides inhibit in vitro tumorigenesis, cancer stem cell properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The polysaccharides of the millenary mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (GL) have been shown for decades to present anti-tumor activities, but few studies evaluated its importance on cancer stem cells and EMT process. Cancer stem cells (CSC) drive the development of carcinoma and are also involved in cancer treatment failure, being a good target for treatment success. Also, the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in metastasis and cancer relapse.

Role of diet and gut microbiota on colorectal cancer immunomodulation.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, and it is characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as by inflammatory cell infiltration among malignant and stromal cells. However, this dynamic infiltration can be influenced by the microenvironment to promote tumor proliferation, survival and metastasis or cancer inhibition. In particular, the cancer microenvironment metabolites can regulate the inflammatory cells to induce a chronic inflammatory response that can be a predisposing condition for CRC retention.

Pesticide dichorvos induces early solid Ehrlich tumoral development associated with a non-protective pro-inflammatory response.

Prolonged exposure to dichlorvos (DDVP), a common pesticide used for food crops, has been related to the development of infections and malignancies. Macrophages are used as bioindicators of immunotoxicity; thus, evaluation of their activity in solid Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice (TBM) may be useful to evaluate the influence of pesticides on human health. To investigate the effects of low DDVP doses, Swiss mice were divided into the following groups: the DDVP group, composed of mice fed diets containing 10 mg/kg of DDVP; the TBM group, consisting of mice subcutaneously inoculated with 10 tumor cells/100 μl and fed a basal diet; the DDVP-TBM group, consisting of mice previously fed DDVP-containing diets for 28 days and then subcutaneously inoculated with tumor cells; and the control (CTRL) group, composed of mice fed a basal diet.

Low Concentration of 5-Fluorouracil Increases the Effectiveness of Tumor RNA to Activate Murine Dendritic Cells.

Aim: Considering the central role of dendritic cells (DCs) on the development of an antitumor immune response, in this study we used a murine model to evaluate how DC transfection with drug-treated tumor cell RNA changes their phenotype, and whether transfection enhances the in vivo effectiveness of a DC-based antitumor vaccine.

Materials And Methods: MC-38 colorectal tumor cells were pretreated with the minimum effective concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), then their total RNA was extracted and transfected into DCs. These DCs were inoculated into C57Bl/6 mice bearing subcutaneous MC-38 tumor.

Macrophage activity and histopathology of the lymphohematopoietic organs in male Wistar rats orally exposed to single or mixed pesticides.

The noxious effects of low or effective dose exposure to single or mixed pesticides on macrophage activity and the lymphohematopoietic organs were investigated. Male Wistar rats were orally exposed to dichlorvos, dicofol, endosulfan, dieldrin and permethrin, either as single or combined mixtures during a 28-day study containing eight groups: one group received a semipurified diet (non-treated); two groups received a semipurified diet containing low dose mixture (dieldrin 0.025 mg/kg, endosulfan, 0.

Dermatophyte-host relationship of a murine model of experimental invasive dermatophytosis.

Recognizing the invasive potential of the dermatophytes and understanding the mechanisms involved in this process will help with disease diagnosis and with developing an appropriate treatment plan. In this report, we present the histopathological, microbiological and immunological features of a model of invasive dermatophytosis that is induced by subcutaneous infection of Trichophyton mentagrophytes in healthy adult Swiss mice. Using this model, we observed that the fungus rapidly spreads to the popliteal lymph nodes, spleen, liver and kidneys.