A novel approach to hypophysitis: outcomes using non-glucocorticoid immunosuppressive therapy.

Objective: To determine pituitary function before and after nonglucocorticoid immunosuppressive therapy (NGIT) in subjects with hypophysitis and evaluate their clinical and radiologic outcomes.

Design: Retrospective, longitudinal study.

Methods: We reviewed a large database, selected subjects with hypophysitis treated with NGIT, and collected information on the duration of therapy, and clinical, hormonal, and radiologic outcomes.

The Brain Tumor Segmentation - Metastases (BraTS-METS) Challenge 2023: Brain Metastasis Segmentation on Pre-treatment MRI.

The translation of AI-generated brain metastases (BM) segmentation into clinical practice relies heavily on diverse, high-quality annotated medical imaging datasets. The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge has gained momentum for testing and benchmarking algorithms using rigorously annotated internationally compiled real-world datasets. This study presents the results of the segmentation challenge and characterizes the challenging cases that impacted the performance of the winning algorithms.

Reduction in Extraocular Muscle Cross-sectional Area and Correlation With Extraocular Motility and Diplopia Following Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease.

Purpose: To quantify changes in extraocular muscle (EOM) cross-sectional areas (CSA) on orbital imaging in patients with thyroid eye disease before and after teprotumumab treatment, and assess for correlation with clinical outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study included thyroid eye disease patients treated with teprotumumab who had pre- and post-treatment CT imaging. Reformatted oblique coronal images were created for each orbit in a plane perpendicular to the optic nerve.

FOVEAL EXUDATE AND CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN ATYPICAL CASES OF MULTIPLE EVANESCENT WHITE DOT SYNDROME.

Purpose: To describe atypical cases of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) associated with foveal exudation, increased choroidal thickness, and secondary Type 2 (subretinal) neovascularization.

Methods: Four cases of atypical MEWDS were studied at a retina referral center. Patients underwent evaluation with multimodal retinal imaging, including fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, spectral-domain and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT).

MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF DISEASE-ASSOCIATED PIGMENTARY CHANGES IN RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.

Purpose: Using multiple imaging modalities, we evaluated the changes in photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) that are associated with bone spicule-shaped melanin pigmentation in retinitis pigmentosa.

Methods: In a cohort of 60 patients with retinitis pigmentosa, short-wavelength autofluorescence, near-infrared autofluorescence (NIR-AF), NIR reflectance, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and color fundus images were studied.

Results: Central AF rings were visible in both short-wavelength autofluorescence and NIR-AF images.

Photopsia and a temporal visual field defect.

A 30-year-old woman presented with intermittent photopsia, a temporal visual field defect below the horizontal in her left eye, and flu-like symptoms. Slit-lamp and fundus examinations were unremarkable. Humphrey 30-2 threshold perimetry and 120-point screening visual field demonstrated blind spot enlargement of the left eye and a normal field in the right eye.

Long-Term Visual Outcomes for a Treat and Extend Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Regimen in Eyes with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

With the advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, clinicians are now focused on various treatment strategies to better control neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD), a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Herein, we retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with treatment-naïve NVAMD initially classified based on fluorescein angiography (FA) alone or with an anatomic classification utilizing both FA and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlated long-term visual outcomes of these patients treated with an anti-VEGF Treat-and-Extend Regimen (TER) with baseline characteristics including neovascular phenotype. Overall, 185 patients (210 eyes) were followed over an average of 3.

Baseline Predictors for Good Versus Poor Visual Outcomes in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration With Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy.

Purpose: To examine the baseline factors associated with good (20/60 or better) versus poor (20/200 or worse) visual outcomes in eyes with treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) receiving intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on a treat-and-extend regimen (TER).

Methods: An observational, retrospective series of patients managed with a TER, identified as having either good or poor visual outcomes, was examined. A multivariate regression analysis of baseline characteristics identified factors associated with good and poor vision at 2, 3, and 4 years.

Flecks in Recessive Stargardt Disease: Short-Wavelength Autofluorescence, Near-Infrared Autofluorescence, and Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: We evaluated the incongruous observation whereby flecks in recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1) can exhibit increased short-wavelength autofluorescence (SW-AF) that originates from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lipofuscin, while near-infrared AF (NIR-AF), emitted primarily from RPE melanin, is usually reduced or absent at fleck positions.

Methods: Flecks in SW- and NIR-AF images and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans were studied in 19 STGD1 patients carrying disease-causing ABCA4 mutations. Fleck spatial distribution and progression were recorded in serial AF images.

EXPANDED CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF MULTIPLE EVANESCENT WHITE DOT SYNDROME WITH MULTIMODAL IMAGING.

Purpose: To evaluate and characterize multiple evanescent white dot syndrome abnormalities with modern multimodal imaging modalities.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography, short-wavelength autofluorescence, and near-infrared autofluorescence.

Results: Thirty-four multiple evanescent white dot syndrome patients with mean age of 28.

Correlation between neovascular lesion type and clinical characteristics of nonneovascular fellow eyes in patients with unilateral, neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To investigate the association between the type of neovascularization (NV) and the clinical characteristics of nonneovascular fellow eyes in patients with unilateral, neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: Eighty-three patients with treatment-naive, unilateral, neovascular age-related macular degeneration were retrospectively analyzed. Neovascular lesions were classified using both fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography as Type 1 (subretinal pigment epithelium), 2 (subretinal), 3 (intraretinal), or mixed NV.

Peripapillary serous detachment in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.

Background: To report the presence of transient peripapillary serous detachments in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.

Methods: Retrospective case series.

Results: Four eyes of four patients diagnosed with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome presented with peripapillary serous detachments.

Geographic atrophy in patients receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To examine factors associated with the apparent growth of geographic atrophy (GA) in a consecutive series of eyes with treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration receiving intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on a treat-and-extend regimen.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Two independent graders identified areas of GA using near-infrared reflectance imaging and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Correlations among near-infrared and short-wavelength autofluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in recessive Stargardt disease.

Purpose: Short-wavelength (SW) fundus autofluorescence (AF) is considered to originate from lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and near-infrared (NIR) AF from melanin. In patients with recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1), we correlated SW-AF and NIR-AF with structural information obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: Twenty-four STGD1 patients (45 eyes; age 8 to 61 years) carrying confirmed disease-associated ABCA4 mutations were studied prospectively.

The incidence of neovascular subtypes in newly diagnosed neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To determine the frequency of neovascularization subtypes as determined by fluorescein angiography (FA) alone vs FA and optical coherence tomography (OCT) grading in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Methods: participants: Newly diagnosed neovascular AMD patients who initiated intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy by 1 physician from October 1, 2005 to December 1, 2012.

Risk factors associated with reticular pseudodrusen versus large soft drusen.

Purpose: To investigate genetic, environmental, and systemic risk factors in prospectively identified subjects with the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) phenotypes of (1) reticular pseudodrusen without large soft drusen and (2) large soft drusen without reticular pseudodrusen.

Design: Prospective case-case comparison.

Methods: In a clinical practice setting, patients with AMD were sequentially screened using clinical examination and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging to prospectively identify subjects (n = 73) with the phenotypes of (1) reticular pseudodrusen without large soft drusen (n = 30) or (2) large soft drusen without reticular pseudodrusen (n = 43).

Association between geographic atrophy progression and reticular pseudodrusen in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate geographic atrophy (GA) progression in eyes with dry AMD and to determine factors related to GA expansion, notably reticular pseudodrusen (RPD), also known as subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) or reticular macular disease (RMD).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with dry AMD who were diagnosed with GA in at least one eye and were imaged with sequential fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and/or near infrared reflectance (NIR-R) imaging. Images were analyzed for the presence of GA within the macular region.

Evaluation of multimodal imaging in carriers of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa.

The aim of this study was to investigate visualization of the tapetal-like reflex using current imaging modalities and evaluate SD-OCT changes in known carriers of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP); the objective being the development of an optimal protocol for clinicians to identify carriers. Ten XLRP carriers (19 eyes) were examined using color fundus photography, 488 nm reflectance (488-R), near-infrared reflectance (NIR-R), autofluorescence (AF) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging (Spectralis SLO-OCT, Heidelberg). Horizontal line scans through the fovea were acquired in all subjects and in a group of 10 age-similar controls.

Visual and anatomical outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept in eyes with persistent subfoveal fluid despite previous treatments with ranibizumab in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept (2.0 mg) in patients with treatment-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of eyes treated with aflibercept with persistent subretinal and/or intraretinal fluid despite previous treatments with intravitreal ranibizumab (0.

Retinal pigment epithelial cell loss assessed by fundus autofluorescence imaging in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To characterize retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell loss as evidenced by autofluorescence imaging in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: There were 162 eyes of 116 consecutive patients with neovascular AMD examined in a retinal practice.

Is reticular macular disease a choriocapillaris perfusion problem?

The etiology of reticular macular disease (RMD), a sub-phenotype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is controversial and has not been clarified. RMD is suspected to be a multifactorial, complex disease with genetic, environmental, and systemic factors playing an important role in its origin. Findings from combinations of different imaging modalities suggest that the pattern that characterizes this condition is associated with an alteration of the choriocapillaris blood flow.