Effects of UVC doses on the removal of antimicrobial resistance elements from secondary treated sewage.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) currently face major challenges toward the removal of microcontaminants and/or microbial matrices and consequently play an important role in the potential dissemination of biological resistance in freshwater. The ultraviolet (UV) system is a tertiary treatment strategy increasingly applied worldwide, although many studies have shown that disinfected effluent can still contain antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Therefore, to better understand the effects of UV radiation doses on the removal of all resistance elements (antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes), the present study was designed using a pilot-scale photoreactor.

Excipients of concern in the package inserts of human medicines prescribed in veterinary pharmacotherapy: frequency and implications for animal health.

The therapeutic arsenal for veterinary pharmacotherapy includes both medicines for exclusive veterinary use and human medicines prescribed off-label for animals. Unlike medicines for exclusive veterinary use, the package inserts of human medicines detail the qualitative composition of the excipients in these products. Some excipients may cause adverse reactions in specific animal populations, necessitating that healthcare professionals identify and avoid administering medicines containing these excipients to susceptible animals.

Effects of antipsychotics on the gastrointestinal microbiota: A systematic review.

Antipsychotics (APs) have been increasingly prescribed for psychiatric disorders from schizophrenia to disruptive behavioral conditions. These drugs have been associated with considerable side effects, such as weight gain, and increasing evidence has also indicated that its use impacts gut microbiota (GM), although this connection is still little understood. To assess APs effects on the GM of patients starting or ongoing treatment, a systematic review was carried out in PubMed and Scopus databases.

Family Counseling after the Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease in the Fetus: Scoping Review.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death from malformations in the first year of life and carries a significant burden to the family when the diagnosis is made in the prenatal period. We recognize the significance of family counseling following a fetal CHD diagnosis. However, we have observed that most research focuses on assessing the emotional state of family members rather than examining the counseling process itself.

Exploring the mycobiota of bromeliads phytotelmata in Brazilian Campos Rupestres.

The phytotelmata is a water-filled tank on a terrestrial plant, and it plays an important role in bromeliad growth and ecosystem functioning. Even though previous studies have contributed to elucidate the composition of the prokaryotic component of this aquatic ecosystem, its mycobiota (fungal community) is still poorly known. In the present work, ITS2 amplicon deep sequencing was used to examine the fungal communities inhabiting the phytotelmata of two bromeliads species that coexist in a sun-exposed rupestrian field of Southeastern Brazil, namely Aechmea nudicaulis (AN) and Vriesea minarum (VM).

Factors Associated with Motivation in Medical Students: A 30-Month Longitudinal Study.

This longitudinal study aimed to assess the factors associated with motivation in 303 Brazilian medical students after a 30-month follow-up. Their demographics, study habits, sleep quality, motivation (Brazilian version of the Academic Motivation Scale-BAMS), learning approaches (R-SPQ-2F scale), and stressors (MSSF-Medical Student Stress Factor scale) were examined. We found an increase in amotivation and extrinsic motivation through external regulation (e.

Long-term monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in sewage samples from specific public places and STPs to track COVID-19 spread and identify potential hotspots.

Coronavirus pandemic started in March 2020 and since then has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can be used as an epidemiological surveillance tool to track SARS-CoV-2 dissemination and provide warning of COVID-19 outbreaks. Considering that there are public places that could be potential hotspots of infected people that may reflect the local epidemiological situation, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was analyzed by RT-qPCR for approximately 16 months in sewage samples from five public places located in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil: the sewage treatment plant of Confins International Airport (AIR), the main interstate bus terminal (BUS), an upscale shopping centre (SHC1), a popular shopping centre (SHC2) and a university institute (UNI).

Investigating the influence of Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS) on microbial diversity of Canastra cheeses and their processing environments.

Canastra Cheese is one of the most commercialized artisanal cheeses in Brazil and intrinsic characteristics of its production, such as the use of raw milk and natural whey starter cultures as well short ripening time on wooden shelves, offer risk of contamination by a plethora of microorganisms. Here, we used 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach to characterize the bacterial communities from Canastra cheese processing environments and final products, accessing cheesemaking facilities with distinct profiles of Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS), in order to estimate whether differences in microbial composition and diversity could also be observed between the two sampled groups of facilities. Our results revealed that the diversity of bacterial communities in the processing environments was much higher than that observed for cheeses, with greater discrepancy for facilities with inadequate FSMS.

Effects of activated sludge and UV disinfection processes on the bacterial community and antibiotic resistance profile in a municipal wastewater treatment plant.

Wastewater tertiary treatment has been pointed out as an effective alternative for reducing the concentration of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes (ARB and ARGs) in wastewaters. The present work aimed to build on the current knowledge about the effects of activated sludge and UV irradiation on antibiotic resistance determinants in biologically treated wastewaters. For that, the microbial community and ARGs' composition of samples collected after preliminary (APT), secondary (AST), and tertiary (ATT) treatments in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant using a modified activated sludge (MAS) system followed by an UV stage (16 mJ/cm) were investigated through culture-dependent and independent approaches (including metagenomics).

Exploring antibiotic resistance in environmental integron-cassettes through intI-attC amplicons deep sequencing.

Introduction: Freshwater ecosystems provide propitious conditions for the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and integrons play an important role in this process.

Material And Methods: In the present study, the diversity of putative environmental integron-cassettes, as well as their potential bacterial hosts in the Velhas River (Brazil), was explored through intI-attC and 16S rRNA amplicons deep sequencing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: ORFs related to different biological processes were observed, from DNA integration to oxidation-reduction.

Characterizing a riverine microbiome impacted by extreme disturbance caused by a mining sludge tsunami.

Studies on disturbance events in riverine systems caused by environmental disasters and their effects on microbial diversity are scarce. Here, we evaluated the impact of the collapse of an iron ore dam holding approximately 50 million cubic meters of waste on both water and sediment microbiomes by deeply sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Samples were taken from two impacted rivers and one reference river 7, 30 and 150 days postdisturbance.

Exploring the resistome, virulome and microbiome of drinking water in environmental and clinical settings.

Aquatic ecosystems harbor a vast pool of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can suffer mutation, recombination and selection events. Here, we explored the diversity of ARGs, virulence factors and the bacterial community composition in water samples before (surface raw water, RW) and after (disinfected water, DW) drinking water conventional treatment, as well as in tap water (TW) and ultrafiltration membranes (UM, recovered from hemodialysis equipment) through metagenomics. A total of 852 different ARGs were identified, 21.

Nitrogen removal from food waste digestate using partial nitritation-anammox process: Effect of different aeration strategies on performance and microbial community dynamics.

The feasibility of employing anammox and partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) processes for nitrogen removal from food waste (FW) digestate was investigated in this study. The effects of different aeration strategies on the microbial community were also investigated. To achieve this, after anammox enrichment (Phase 1), the reactor was fed with digestate supplemented with nitrite (Phase 2), and subsequently different aeration strategies were evaluated to establish PN/A.

Insights into the skin microbiome dynamics of leprosy patients during multi-drug therapy and in healthy individuals from Brazil.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious peripheral neuropathy that is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and the skin is one of its preferred target sites. However, the effects of this infection on the skin microbiome remain largely unexplored. Here, we characterize and compare the lesional and non-lesional skin microbiomes of leprosy patients and healthy individuals through the deep sequencing of 16 S rRNA genes.

Changes in mouse gut bacterial community in response to different types of drinking water.

Gut microbiota exerts a fundamental role on host physiology, and how extrinsic perturbations influence its composition has been increasingly examined. However, the effect of drinking water on gut microbiota is still poorly understood. In this study, we explored the response of mouse gut bacterial community (fecal and mucosa-adhered) to the ingestion of different types of drinking water.

Novel arsenic-transforming bacteria and the diversity of their arsenic-related genes and enzymes arising from arsenic-polluted freshwater sediment.

Bacteria are essential in arsenic cycling. However, few studies have addressed 16S rRNA and arsenic-related functional gene diversity in long-term arsenic-contaminated tropical sediment. Here, using culture-based, metagenomic and computational approaches, we describe the diversity of bacteria, genes and enzymes involved in AsIII and AsV transformation in freshwater sediment and in anaerobic AsIII- and AsV-enrichment cultures (ECs).

Identification of new bacteria harboring qnrS and aac(6')-Ib/cr and mutations possibly involved in fluoroquinolone resistance in raw sewage and activated sludge samples from a full-scale WWTP.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) harbor bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes, favoring gene exchange events and resistance dissemination. Here, a culture-based and metagenomic survey of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6')-Ib genes from raw sewage (RS) and activated sludge (AS) of a full-scale municipal WWTP was performed. A total of 96 bacterial isolates were recovered from nalidixic acid-enrichment cultures.

Metagenomic signatures of a tropical mining-impacted stream reveal complex microbial and metabolic networks.

Bacteria from aquatic ecosystems significantly contribute to biogeochemical cycles, but details of their community structure in tropical mining-impacted environments remain unexplored. In this study, we analyzed a bacterial community from circumneutral-pH tropical stream sediment by 16S rRNA and shotgun deep sequencing. Carrapatos stream sediment, which has been exposed to metal stress due to gold and iron mining (21 [g Fe]/kg), revealed a diverse community, with predominance of Proteobacteria (39.

Impact of inocula and operating conditions on the microbial community structure of two anammox reactors.

The microbial community structure of the biomass selected in two distinctly inoculated anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) reactors was investigated and compared with the help of data obtained from 454-pyrosequencing analyses. The anammox reactors were operated for 550 days and seeded with different sludges: sediment from a constructed wetland (reactor I) and biomass from an aerated lagoon part of the oil-refinery wastewater treatment plant (reactor II). The anammox diversity in the inocula was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene-cloning analysis.

Effect of phenol on the nitrogen removal performance and microbial community structure and composition of an anammox reactor.

The effects of phenol on the nitrogen removal performance of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with anammox activity and on the microbial community within the reactor were evaluated. A phenol concentration of 300 mg L(-1) reduced the ammonium-nitrogen removal efficiency of the SBR from 96.5% to 47%.

Defense against HSV-1 in a murine model is mediated by iNOS and orchestrated by the activation of TLR2 and TLR9 in trigeminal ganglia.

Background: Herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1) causes various human clinical manifestations, ranging from simple cold sores to encephalitis. Innate immune cells recognize pathogens through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), thus initiating the immune response. Previously, we demonstrated that the immune response against HSV-1 is dependent on TLR2 and TLR9 expression and on IFN gamma production in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of infected mice.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR9 expressed in trigeminal ganglia are critical to viral control during herpes simplex virus 1 infection.

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic DNA virus that is responsible for several clinical manifestations in humans, including encephalitis. HSV-1 triggers toll-like receptors (TLRs), which elicit cytokine production. Viral multiplication and cytokine expression in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice infected with HSV-1 were evaluated.