Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: New strategies in immunotherapy with specific antigens that trigger an anti-tumour immune response in people with lung cancer open the possibility of developing therapeutic vaccines aimed at boosting the adaptive immune response against cancer cells.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different types of therapeutic vaccines for people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Search Methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Wanfang Data, and China Journal Net (CNKI) up to 22 August 2023.

Treatments for non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic quality assessment of clinical practice guidelines.

Aim: To evaluate the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CPG developer websites, lung cancer societies, and oncology organizations to identify CPGs providing recommendations on treatments for NSCLC. The methodological quality for each CPG was determined independently by three appraisers using the AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II) instrument.

Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people.

Background: This is the second update of this Cochrane Review. Some studies have suggested a protective effect of antioxidant nutrients and higher dietary levels of fruits and vegetables on lung cancer.

Objectives: To determine whether vitamins and minerals and other potential agents, alone or in combination, reduce lung cancer incidence and lung cancer mortality in healthy populations.

Mortality in Critically Ill Elderly Individuals Receiving Mechanical Ventilation.

Background: Previous studies that evaluated mortality in elderly subjects who received mechanical ventilation had conflicting results. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of age on mortality.

Methods: A number of medical literature databases and the references listed (from 1974 to May 2015) were searched for studies that compared 2 different age groups.

Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer.

Background: Combination chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment for extensive stage small celI lung cancer (SCLC) over the last 30 years, even though it only gives a short prolongation in median survival time. The main goal for these patients should be palliation with the aim of improving their quality of life.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of first-line chemotherapy versus placebo or best supportive care (BSC) in prolonging survival in patients with extensive SCLC at diagnosis and the effectiveness of second-line chemotherapy at relapse or progression after first-line chemotherapy compared with BSC or placebo in prolonging survival in patients with extensive SCLC; as well as to evaluate the adverse events of treatment and the quality of life of patients.

Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people.

Background: This is an updated version of the original review published in Issue 2, 2003. Some studies have suggested a protective effect of antioxidant nutrients on lung cancer. Observational epidemiological studies suggest an association between higher dietary levels of fruits and vegetables containing beta-carotene and a lower risk of lung cancer.

Antibiotics for treating osteomyelitis in people with sickle cell disease.

Background: Osteomyelitis (both acute and chronic) is one of the most common infectious complications in people with sickle cell disease. There is no standardized approach to antibiotic therapy and treatment is likely to vary from country to country. Thus, there is a need to identify the efficacy and safety of different antibiotic treatment approaches for people with sickle cell disease suffering from osteomyelitis.

Vitamin K for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver diseases.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in the course of liver cirrhosis. Several treatments are used for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver diseases. One of them is vitamin K administration, but it is unknown whether it benefits or harms patients with liver disease and upper gastrointestinal bleeding.